五步輕鬆安裝Geant4 (Windows篇) | 入門

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因為有CMake自動化組態工具，在Windows平台上安裝Geant4與Linux平台幾乎同樣方便。與使用Linux不同的是，官方更鼓勵使用整合式開發環境Visual Studio (VS)來編譯安裝。下面簡單介紹一下。

系統內容: Windows10, Visual Studio 2017 (community), CMake 3.10, Geant4.10.04

1. 系統準備

首先下載安裝Visual Studio 2017 和最新版本CMake，筆者這裡使用的是社區(community)版本的VS和3.10版本的 CMake.

(a) 安裝完VS後需要添加C++工具包：選中 Tools > Get Tools and Features 安裝必需的C++編譯工具。

要驗證C++工具包是不是正確安裝了，可以選中 Tools > Visual Studio Command Prompt ，在VS中開啟命令終端, 輸入cl. 如果沒有找到這個命令，那就是沒有成功。

D:\>clMicrosoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.12.25835 for x86Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.usage: cl [ option... ] filename... [ /link linkoption... ]

(b) CMake的安裝過程中需要選擇 Add CMake to the System PATH for all users.

2. 下載Geant4

到Geant4官網下載最新版本Geant4.10.04.zip, 解壓到指定位置，譬如D盤，這樣我們就有了檔案夾D:\geant4_10_04, 我們再建立檔案夾D:\geant4_10_04\build用來存放編譯安裝的臨時檔案。

3. 編譯

以下操作需要簡單的DOS命令。

開啟Tools > Visual Studio Command Prompt, 進入D盤的build檔案夾中運行CMake.

> D:> cd geant4_10_04/build> cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="D:\geant4_10_04" -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON -DGEANT4_USE_OPENGL_WIN32=ON "D:\geant4_10_04"

注意：這裡的openGL選項不是GEANT4_USE_OPENGL_X11，而是_WIN32結尾.

如果你看到類似輸出，那就是成功了，特別是dataset和openGL等選定的特性確實開啟了。

-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4NEUTRONXS (1.4)-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4PII (1.3)-- Configuring download of missing dataset RealSurface (2.1)-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4SAIDDATA (1.1)-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4ABLA (3.1)-- Configuring download of missing dataset G4ENSDFSTATE (2.2)-- The following Geant4 features are enabled:GEANT4_BUILD_CXXSTD: Compiling against C++ Standard ‘11‘GEANT4_USE_OPENGL_WIN32: Build OpenGL driver with Win32 support-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: D:/geant4_10_04/build

運行以下命令編譯Geant4.

> cmake --build . --config Release

如果輸出結果有類似結尾，那麼應該沒有問題。

FinalizeBuildStatus:  Deleting file "Win32\Release\ALL_BUILD\ALL_BUILD.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild".  Touching "Win32\Release\ALL_BUILD\ALL_BUILD.tlog\ALL_BUILD.lastbuildstate".Done Building Project "D:\geant4_10_04\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (default targets).Build succeeded.    0 Warning(s)    0 Error(s)

4. 安裝

> cmake --build . --config Release --target install

輸出結果應該類似這樣結尾：

  -- Installing: D:/geant4_10_04/include/Geant4/G4VisTrajContext.hh  -- Installing: D:/geant4_10_04/include/Geant4/G4VisTrajContext.iccFinalizeBuildStatus:  Deleting file "Win32\Release\INSTALL\INSTALL.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild".  Touching "Win32\Release\INSTALL\INSTALL.tlog\INSTALL.lastbuildstate".Done Building Project "D:\geant4_10_04\build\install.vcxproj" (default targets).Build succeeded.    0 Warning(s)    0 Error(s)

以上已經安裝完成，但是在實際使用前還要設定環境變數。

5. 設定環境變數

如何添加環境變數請自行百度。

PATH 追加 D:\geant4_10_04\binG4ENSDFSTATEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4ENSDFSTATE2.2G4LEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4EMLOW7.3G4LEVELGAMMADATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\PhotonEvaporation5.2G4SAIDXSDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4SAIDDATA1.1G4NEUTRONHPDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4NDL4.5G4NEUTRONXSDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4NEUTRONXS1.4G4PIIDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4PII1.3G4RADIOACTIVEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\RadioactiveDecay5.2G4REALSURFACEDATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\RealSurface2.1G4ABLADATA D:\geant4_10_04\share\Geant4-10.4.0\data\G4ABLA3.1

樣本example/basic/B1的測試

> cd example/basic/B1> mkdir build> cd build> cmake -DGeant4_DIR="D:\geant4_10_04\lib\Geant4-10.4.0" ..> cmake --build . --config Release

第一個CMake的輸出結果類似這樣

-- Building for: Visual Studio 15 2017-- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.12.25835.0-- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.12.25835.0-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/Hostx86/x86/cl.exe -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: D:/examples/basic/B1/build

第二個CMake輸出結果應會告訴你編譯有沒有成功。

Build succeeded."D:\examples\basic\B1\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->"D:\examples\basic\B1\build\exampleB1.vcxproj" (default target) (3) ->(ClCompile target) ->  d:\geant4_10_04\include\geant4\g4mergemode.hh(75): warning C4715: ‘G4Accumulables::GetMergeFunction<double>‘: not all control paths return a value [D:\examples\basic\B1\build\exampleB1.vcxproj]    1 Warning(s)    0 Error(s)

如果成功的話，我們就會有一個 Release檔案夾，裡面有可執行程式exampleB1.我們進入該檔案夾雙擊就可以運行，不過這裡使用了可視化，所以請複製build檔案夾下的vis.mac 和init_vis.mac到Release.

雙擊運行後，如果你看到了可視化的探測器，那麼恭喜你，安裝成功了。

最後，筆者想要說明一下，雖然Geant4官方提供了Windows平台的解決方案，但是我們還是更推薦Linux系統下使用Geant4.

本文原載於訂閱號 “Geant4不完全學習指南”

五步輕鬆安裝Geant4 (Windows篇) | 入門