標籤:記憶體資料庫 redis
我們知道Redis資料庫作為一個記憶體資料庫,與memcached比較類似,基本的操作都是儲存在記憶體緩衝區中,等到緩衝區中資料滿後,在持久化到磁碟中。今天,我主要研究了對於redis中對於記憶體資料庫的操作。與普通的資料操作比較,並沒有什麼特別多的其他的一些操作。下面是我分類出的一些API:
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * C-level DB API *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/robj *lookupKey(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 從db中擷取key代表的值 */robj *lookupKeyRead(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 尋找某個key的值,與lookupKey方法的區別是多了到期檢查 */robj *lookupKeyWrite(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 與lookupKeyRead一樣,只是少了命中刷的統計 */robj *lookupKeyReadOrReply(redisClient *c, robj *key, robj *reply) /* 有回複的讀擦操作 */robj *lookupKeyWriteOrReply(redisClient *c, robj *key, robj *reply) /* 有回複的寫操作 */void dbAdd(redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *val) /* 往記憶體資料庫中添加值,如果key已經存在,則操作無效 */void dbOverwrite(redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *val) /* db key value覆蓋操作,如果不存在此key,操作失效 */void setKey(redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *val) /* 進階設定作業,如果不存在的直接添加,存在的就覆蓋 */int dbExists(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* db是否存在此key */robj *dbRandomKey(redisDb *db) /* 隨機返回沒有到期的key */int dbDelete(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* db刪除操作 */robj *dbUnshareStringValue(redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *o) /* 解除key的共用,之後就可以進行修改操作 */long long emptyDb(void(callback)(void*)) /* 將server中的所有資料庫清空,回呼函數作為參數傳入 */int selectDb(redisClient *c, int id) /* 用戶端選擇服務端的某個db */void signalModifiedKey(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 每當key被修改時,就會調用此方法,touchWatchedKey(db,key)方法,就把此key對應的用戶端鎖住了 */void signalFlushedDb(int dbid) /* 把dbid中的key都touch一遍 */void flushdbCommand(redisClient *c) /* 重新整理client所在的db命令 */void flushallCommand(redisClient *c) /* 重新整理所有的server中的資料庫 */void delCommand(redisClient *c) /* 根據Client的命令參數刪除資料庫 */void existsCommand(redisClient *c) /* 某個key是否存在命令 */void selectCommand(redisClient *c) /* Client用戶端選擇資料庫命令 */void randomkeyCommand(redisClient *c) /* 擷取隨機key指令 */void keysCommand(redisClient *c) /* 向用戶端回複key obj命令 */void scanCallback(void *privdata, const dictEntry *de) /* type scan掃描出key,val */int parseScanCursorOrReply(redisClient *c, robj *o, unsigned long *cursor) /* 判斷scan Cursor是否有效 */void scanGenericCommand(redisClient *c, robj *o, unsigned long cursor) /* 3: Filter elements.(過濾元素)4: Reply to the client.(回複用戶端) */void scanCommand(redisClient *c) /* 掃描命令 */void dbsizeCommand(redisClient *c) /* 用戶端所用的db的字典總數 */void lastsaveCommand(redisClient *c) /* 服務端最後一次儲存的操作 */void typeCommand(redisClient *c) /* 用戶端查詢的key的type類型 */void shutdownCommand(redisClient *c) /* shutdown終止命令,服務端要做最後的儲存操作 */void renameGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int nx) /*為key重新命名操作 */void renameCommand(redisClient *c) /* 重新命名可能會覆蓋原值命令 */void renamenxCommand(redisClient *c) /* 重新命名時不覆蓋原來的值 */void moveCommand(redisClient *c) /* 將源db中的key移到目標db上 */int removeExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 移除到期的key */void setExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key, long long when) /* 設定到期的key,操作為將主要的dict中key移入expire的dict中,並對此key設定時間 */long long getExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 擷取key的到期時間*/void propagateExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key)int expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key) /* 判斷此key是否到期,2個條件,1是否存在expire的key裡沒有就不到期 2.在expire裡面了,判斷when時間有沒有超過目前時間,沒有超過也不算到期 */void expireGenericCommand(redisClient *c, long long basetime, int unit)void expireCommand(redisClient *c)void expireatCommand(redisClient *c)void pexpireCommand(redisClient *c)void pexpireatCommand(redisClient *c)void ttlGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int output_ms) /* 返回key的ttl存留時間 ,下面的一些方法是時間單位的不同,預設為秒*/void ttlCommand(redisClient *c)void pttlCommand(redisClient *c)void persistCommand(redisClient *c) /* key是否存在的命令 */int *getKeysUsingCommandTable(struct redisCommand *cmd,robj **argv, int argc, int *numkeys)int *getKeysFromCommand(struct redisCommand *cmd,robj **argv, int argc, int *numkeys, int flags)void getKeysFreeResult(int *result)int *noPreloadGetKeys(struct redisCommand *cmd,robj **argv, int argc, int *numkeys, int flags)int *renameGetKeys(struct redisCommand *cmd,robj **argv, int argc, int *numkeys, int flags)int *zunionInterGetKeys(struct redisCommand *cmd,robj **argv, int argc, int *numkeys, int flags)
在API的後半部分API都是一些函數封裝的一些命令操作。開放給系統調用。在上面的API中,比較典型的就是,read,write等API,
/* 從db中擷取key代表的值 */robj *lookupKey(redisDb *db, robj *key) {//從db的dict字典中尋找 dictEntry *de = dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr); if (de) { robj *val = dictGetVal(de); /* Update the access time for the ageing algorithm. * Don't do it if we have a saving child, as this will trigger * a copy on write madness. */ if (server.rdb_child_pid == -1 && server.aof_child_pid == -1) val->lru = server.lruclock; return val; } else { return NULL; }}
但是真正調用的時候,不會直接調用此方法,會加一些限制,會過濾掉到期的key,還有緩衝區命中數的統計:
/* 尋找某個key的值,與lookupKey方法的區別是多了到期檢查 */robj *lookupKeyRead(redisDb *db, robj *key) { robj *val; expireIfNeeded(db,key); val = lookupKey(db,key); if (val == NULL) //命中數減一 server.stat_keyspace_misses++; else //命中數遞增1 server.stat_keyspace_hits++; return val;}
可以有效調整緩衝區。下面給出一個修改記憶體資料庫的操作:
/* High level Set operation. This function can be used in order to set * a key, whatever it was existing or not, to a new object. * * 1) The ref count of the value object is incremented. * 2) clients WATCHing for the destination key notified. * 3) The expire time of the key is reset (the key is made persistent). *//* 進階設定作業,如果不存在的直接添加,存在的就覆蓋 */void setKey(redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *val) { if (lookupKeyWrite(db,key) == NULL) { dbAdd(db,key,val); } else { dbOverwrite(db,key,val); } //對此key增加引用計數 incrRefCount(val); removeExpire(db,key); signalModifiedKey(db,key);}
我們看到其實在每次更改資料庫操作的時候,都會出現signalModifiedKey(db,key)這個方法,大致意思就是提示要改變key所對應的值了,裡面執行的操作到底是什麼呢,這個方法的實現就在db.c中:
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Hooks for key space changes. * * Every time a key in the database is modified the function * signalModifiedKey() is called. * * Every time a DB is flushed the function signalFlushDb() is called. *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*//* 每當key被修改時,就會調用此方法,touchWatchedKey(db,key)方法,就把此key對應的用戶端鎖住了 */void signalModifiedKey(redisDb *db, robj *key) { touchWatchedKey(db,key);}
調用的就是touch -key方法了,就是把監聽此key的Client列表進行設定,只能讓一個用戶端操作執行成功,用戶端的其他動作無效,達到同步。當記憶體資料漸漸滿的時候,會週期性重新整理到磁碟中:
/* 重新整理所有的server中的資料庫 */void flushallCommand(redisClient *c) { signalFlushedDb(-1); server.dirty += emptyDb(NULL); addReply(c,shared.ok); if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) { kill(server.rdb_child_pid,SIGUSR1); rdbRemoveTempFile(server.rdb_child_pid); } if (server.saveparamslen > 0) { /* Normally rdbSave() will reset dirty, but we don't want this here * as otherwise FLUSHALL will not be replicated nor put into the AOF. */ int saved_dirty = server.dirty; //在這裡重新儲存rdb了 rdbSave(server.rdb_filename); server.dirty = saved_dirty; } server.dirty++;}
rdbSave操作時重點。在db.c還提到了一個概念,expire到期的概念,也就是說,存在key到期的概念,在記憶體資料庫中,頻繁的操作比如會引起許多到期的鍵值對的存在,所以在db中,維護了一個db->expires的東西,所有到期的可以都存在於db->expires裡面,定期會進行移除操作,所以在最早的那個函數中,往記憶體資料庫取值的時候,要判斷是否到期
/* 判斷此key是否到期,2個條件,1是否存在expire的key裡沒有就不到期 2.在expire裡面了,判斷when時間有沒有超過目前時間,沒有超過也不算到期 */int expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key) { mstime_t when = getExpire(db,key); mstime_t now; if (when < 0) return 0; /* No expire for this key */ /* Don't expire anything while loading. It will be done later. */ if (server.loading) return 0; /* If we are in the context of a Lua script, we claim that time is * blocked to when the Lua script started. This way a key can expire * only the first time it is accessed and not in the middle of the * script execution, making propagation to slaves / AOF consistent. * See issue #1525 on Github for more information. */ now = server.lua_caller ? server.lua_time_start : mstime(); /* If we are running in the context of a slave, return ASAP: * the slave key expiration is controlled by the master that will * send us synthesized DEL operations for expired keys. * * Still we try to return the right information to the caller, * that is, 0 if we think the key should be still valid, 1 if * we think the key is expired at this time. */ if (server.masterhost != NULL) return now > when; /* Return when this key has not expired */ if (now <= when) return 0; /* Delete the key */ server.stat_expiredkeys++; propagateExpire(db,key); notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_EXPIRED, "expired",key,db->id); return dbDelete(db,key);}
每個expire的key有個ttl的概念,就是"Time To Live"存留時間:
/* 返回key的ttl存留時間 */void ttlGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int output_ms) { long long expire, ttl = -1; /* If the key does not exist at all, return -2 */ if (lookupKeyRead(c->db,c->argv[1]) == NULL) { addReplyLongLong(c,-2); return; } /* The key exists. Return -1 if it has no expire, or the actual * TTL value otherwise. */ expire = getExpire(c->db,c->argv[1]); if (expire != -1) { //如果已被移入到期的key,計算到期時間裡目前時間還差多遠,ttl就是當前的存留時間單位為ms ttl = expire-mstime(); if (ttl < 0) ttl = 0; } if (ttl == -1) { addReplyLongLong(c,-1); } else { addReplyLongLong(c,output_ms ? ttl : ((ttl+500)/1000)); }}
用來判斷是否到期的時候用。
Redis源碼分析(十八)--- db.c記憶體資料庫操作