Chapter One Introduction to Computer systems

1.1 Classification of computers

(1) Electronic analogue computer

(2) Electronic digital computer

The accuracy and problem-solving ability of electronic analogue computer is limited

Digital computers are divided into special computers and general-purpose computer

The special machine is the fastest, most effective and most economical computer, but its adaptability is very poor

General-purpose computer can be divided into supercomputer, mainframe, server, workstation, microcomputer and MCU six class

1.2 Development History of the computer

Changes of 1.2.1 computer in five Dynasties

First generation: Electronic tube computer

Second generation: Transistor computers

Third generation: small and medium scale integrated circuit computer

Fourth generation: Large scale and VLSI computers

Fifth generation: Giant integrated circuit computer

1.2.2 Computer Performance Index

Throughput, response time, utilization, processor word length, bus width, memory capacity, memory bandwidth, frequency/clock cycle, CPU execution time, CPI, MIPS, MFLOPS

1.3 Hardware of the computer

Arithmetic device

You can perform arithmetic operations such as subtraction, and also perform logical operations (ALU)

Memory

The total number of memory storage units is called memory storage capacity

Can be divided into memory and external memory

Controller

Each basic operation is called an instruction, and the instructions in the program are executed sequentially

instruction consists of opcode and address code

Instruction and data exist together as Von Neumann type computer architecture

Instruction and data memory are independently divided, called the Harvard structure.

Basic tasks of the controller:

Chapter One Introduction to Computer systems