Main Board Interface A wide variety of interfaces and BIOS settings make it easy for unfamiliar cainiao to get confused. If you are worrying about this, take a look at this article. Although this article does not cover all future types, most standards on the market are still involved. Well, if you are a cainiao, read this article.
Processor interface:
For AMD Athlon Thunderbird or XP processor Socket462 CPU outlet, we can see in the middle of the slot we can measure the core temperature measurement probe and temperature resistance.
It is an Intel Socket478 Pentium 4 processor outlet.
Usually there is an extrusion rod on the processor outlet, through which the processor is more closely integrated with the socket, and the processor is installed more stably on the motherboard.
North-South Bridge:The North Bridge and the south bridge are the hubs of the main board. Different chipset manufacturers have different North-South Bridge chips. Of course, they also provide similar or different functions.
In the figure above, the silver heat sink is covered by the main board's beiqiao chip, which is the closest to the CPU on the main board, contacts with the CPU and controls the transmission of memory, AGP, and PCI data within the North Bridge. Since the original control chip has been placed on the top of the Main Board and is named as the North Bridge Chip, and Intel has abandoned the North and South bridges since 815, Intel's MCH is equivalent to the North Bridge Chip. The MCH is a memory controller center that connects to the CPU, AGP bus, and memory.
Nanqiao: a chip on the motherboard, mainly responsible for I/O interface and IDE Device Control. Compared with the North Bridge, the south bridge chip is positioned on the main board. Intel's ICH chip is equivalent to nanqiao chip. ICH is an Input/Output Controller center that connects to PCI bus, IDE devices, and I/O devices.
Memory interface:
It is a memory slot that supports 168pin SDRAM memory. SDRAM is the memory standard of the previous generation. The maximum memory feature of SDRAM is that there are 168 golden fingers and there are two gaps at the interface. This can avoid Memory insertion and inversion, leading to computer hardware burning.
For the motherboard memory slot, we can see that the slot supports the memory type of 184pin ddr sdram. Ddr sdram is a new standard for dual-speed transmission of SDRAM. It transmits data through the up and down edges of the clock to achieve dual-speed transmission of data, therefore, it is also designed to be the same as that of common SDRAM. First, ddr sdram has 184 gold fingers, and the memory interface has only one gap, therefore, the memory slot for installing ddr sdram cannot install 168 Gold finger SDRAM memory.
Memory interface:
The current mainstream motherboard is equipped with the IDE interface. The PCB at the interface side is labeled with the IDE number, which is divided into IDE1 and IDE2. The blue IDE interface is IDE1, and the white IDE interface is ide2. The figure also includes the soft drive interface, which is close to the IDE interface and the color is black, which is shorter than the length of the IDE interface. Both interfaces are needle interfaces. The general IDE interfaces are as follows:
But the IDE slots of the BH7 board are special. This is the IDE interface of the BH7 Board ,:
It is an 80 pin SCSI interface and a hole-like slot. SCSI interfaces are mostly used on servers and high-end workstations. Currently, the mainstream SCSI interfaces are SCSI 80 and SCSI 160, the transmission speed is 80 MB/S and 160 MB/S respectively.
Is the Series-ATA interface. Series-ATA is a new generation hard disk interface. The data transmission rate of Series-ATA reaches 150 MB/s, which is later than the latest parallel ATA (ATA/133) the maximum data transmission rate of 133 Mb/s is high. In addition, Series-ATA uses low-voltage and Point-to-Point designs to reduce energy consumption requirements, in addition, it also supports Hot swapping (Hot-Plug.
I/O controller:
This WINBOND chip is not only an I/O control chip, but also provides real-time monitoring of various voltages, ambient temperatures, and fan speeds through WINBOND Hardware Doctor on the WINDOWS interface. In terms of I/O controller usage, the manufacturers and models of I/O controllers used by various motherboard manufacturers are different. Winbond and ite I/O control chips are usually used.
SMSC LPC47M172-NR super I/O chip is Intel's consistent use of SMSC super I/O chip, it provides peripheral I/O equipment support for INTEL original motherboard, with hardware monitoring function.
Clock frequency generator:
CY283460C is the clock generator chip on Intel's original motherboard. Through the clock frequency generator, you can adjust the processor frequency and AGP frequency.
BIOS:
It is the motherboard BIOS chip. It adopts an embedded model and is a popular BIOS chip in the current stage. It is essentially a ROM chip, which stores the most important computer input and output programs, system settings information, power-on self-check programs, and the system starts the auto-pilot program.
Another type of BIOS chip is dual-sided direct insertion. It is a very popular BIOS chip in the older BX period.
Additional motherboard interface:
The most common AGP video card slot is The AGP 4X (Accelerated-Graphics-Port: Accelerated Graphics Port), which is the bus structure designed to increase video bandwidth. It directly connects the display card to the Motherboard chipset for point-to-point transmission. However, it is not a formal bus, because it can only be connected to the AGP video card, so it is not universal and scalable. The operating frequency is 66 MHz, which is twice that of the PCI bus.
The middle-white slots are PCI slots, which are usually connected to PCI devices. Currently, table-level boards use 32-bit slots with a frequency of 33 MHz and a bandwidth of 32-bit PCI bus bandwidth of-133 MB/s, currently, 64bit PCI slots are available, but the length is longer than that of 32bit PCI slots. PCI interfaces are generally used to connect to sound cards, scsicards, idecards, and video cards. The ISA slot on the old-fashioned motherboard. The slot is no longer visible on the new motherboard. ISA (Industrial Standard Architecture) is an industrial Standard bus developed by IBM for 286 computers. The bus width is 16 bits and the bus frequency is 8 MHz.
It is an AMR interface that is common on an integrated motherboard and is used to implement a low-cost audio card or an extended card for modem functions. But now the ACR interface can also support devices with AMR interfaces.
CNR slot, CNR (Commu-nicationNotwork Riser communication network plug-in): Is an upgraded product of AMR. In terms of appearance, it is a little longer than AMR, the two pins are also different, so they are not compatible.
It looks like an inverted PCI slot. It is an alternative product of AMR supported by AMD, VIA, ALI, etc, it also supports cable TV data transmission based on the network and sound card. This interface is called the ACR interface. Its front part is completely compatible with the AMR interface, so it can also support various expansion cards of the AMR interface.
CPU fan interface. Generally, the motherboard manufacturer places the CPU fan interface and system fan interface on the motherboard. The number of Fan interfaces is determined by the motherboard manufacturer. The white four-hole Power Supply interface is a 4pin Power Supply interface. Only the power supply that complies with the ATX12V standard has a 4pin connector, which provides a 12 V voltage. Generally, the 4pin socket is standard for the Pentium4 processor motherboard.
Is a common 20pin Power Supply interface that complies with the ATX2.03 standard.
Provides a CMOS powered battery and a motherboard enable. The former plays an important role and is a necessary part of the motherboard. The CMOS record the hardware information and startup information of the motherboard. If the CMOS battery is not powered, the hardware device settings will be lost, using the default value when the motherboard is released will result in abnormal system time display, port opening failure, and other problems. However, the speaker serves as a prompt. Generally, the CPU, memory, and video card are not in good contact, and the speaker will make a sound to remind the user.
Motherboard function extensions:
This is the Integrated Display core on the server motherboard Based on the BX chipset. It is the old Cirrus Logic display core. This method of integrating the display core into the motherboard is rare, currently, the majority of Integrated boards have moved the display core to the North Bridge.
This is integrated into the sound card board often used AC97 Code-ALC650 chip, it conforms to the AC '97 2.2 specifications, support 5.1 channels, more 96 KHz Sampling Rate (Sampling Rate) Playing function, it also supports DVD sound specifications.
AD1981A is also common in the integrated sound card of the motherboard. It supports the standard output frequency of 5.1 channels (S/PDIF) and the signal-to-noise ratio is 90 dB. It provides two interfaces for connecting to the CD audio output.
Provides Mbps Ethernet PHY for AC101LKQT. There are few boards using this built-in Nic chip. Generally, this built-in Nic chip appears on Intel's original motherboard.
The SCSI device control chip integrated into the motherboard. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface): it refers to a Small Computer System Interface, which is an Interface standard published by the American National Standards Association (ANSI. SCSI was initially defined as a general parallel SCSI bus. The SCSI bus does not directly communicate with devices such as hard disks, but uses controllers to establish connections with devices. A standalone SCSI bus can support up to 16 devices.
The integrated Raid array card chip HighPoint372 is an IDE disk array control chip that supports fault tolerance levels such as RAID 0, 1, 0 1, and JBOD. RAID is generally called a disk array. It provides more advanced disk functions for advanced users in multiple hard disk application fields. RAID is divided into several modes, generally, it provides safer data backup and faster disk access performance.
It is the Debug light attached to the EPOX 4BDA2 motherboard. When the system fails and cannot complete the boot, find the Debug light to display information, we can get a general idea of where the hardware system is faulty.
Back I/O interface:
It is an audio interface that complies with the PC99 color specification and uses a color interface, which is very easy to identify. The blue interface is the Speaker interface, the red interface is the Mic interface, and the green interface is the Line-in audio input interface.
In the figure, the interface for integrating the NIC with the motherboard. The following is a common USB 2.0/interface. Currently, there are two USB interface standards: USB and SUB2.0. The most significant difference between them is the transmission rate. USB is the latest USB device specification. Theoretically, the data transmission rate can reach 480 Mb/s. The theoretical transfer rate of USB1.1 is only 12 Mb/s. USB device interfaces are backward compatible. In this way, USB interfaces that support USB devices can also support USB devices.
There are three interfaces in the figure. The interfaces with long red length are print ports, and the other two are COM serial ports. Parallel Port: it is usually called a print port. In fact, it is not only connected to a printer and a mouse, it can also be connected to MODEM, scanner and other devices. COM port: a motherboard generally has two COM serial ports. It is usually used to connect the mouse and communication devices (such as connecting external MODEM for data communication.
The rear I/O interface of the BH7 is quite special. It provides an uncommon SPDIF-out optical fiber interface and a complete 5.1-channel output interface. PS/2 mouse and keyboard interface. Blue is the PS/2 keyboard interface, while green is the PS/2 mouse interface.
Some integrated rear I/O interfaces of the motherboard. to accommodate the position of the Sub-D interface of the built-in graphics card, the comport needs to be connected from the motherboard. This motherboard is the Huawei P4i45GL motherboard.
Motherboard expansion interface:
In this figure, two (one white and one black) interfaces are extended IEEE1394 interfaces, and the number of IEEE1394 interfaces is increased through the IEEE1394 expansion card.
This is the USB expansion interface on the motherboard. Generally, a USB expansion card is required to increase the number of interfaces on the USB device.
Is a USB interface expansion card.
|
