Encoding: language hidden behind computer software and hardware

Encoding: Language hiding behind computer software and hardware
Basic Information
Author: (US) Petzold (C.) [Translator's introduction]
Translator: Zuo Fei Xue XiaoYu
Press: Electronic Industry Press
ISBN: 9787121181184
Mounting time:
Published on: February 1, October 2012
Start: 16
Page number: 436
Version: 1-1
Category: Computer> Computer science theory and basic knowledge> computing theory> comprehensive
Computer> Software and programming> integration> advanced programming language design

For more information, coding: Language hiding behind computer software and hardware

Introduction
Books
Computer books
Coding: Language hiding behind computer software and hardware is a book about how computers work. However, you must never think that it is obscure because of a word like "Working Principle. The author uses rich imagination and clear pen and ink to explain seemingly complicated theories easily, so you will not feel bored or hard at all. More importantly, you will gain a deep understanding of how computers work. This understanding is not at the abstract level, but at a certain depth, which is not inferior to the understanding of "Electrical Engineers" and "programmers.
Whether you are a computer master or a newbie who is full of reverence for this magical machine, you may wish to read this book and read the classic works of the master.
Directory
Encoding: Language hiding behind computer software and hardware
1 close friend/1
What is the encoding? In this book, this term refers to a method used to transmit information between machines and people. In other words, encoding is communication. For anyone who can hear our voice and understand the language we speak, the words we make are coded. Can I use a flashlight instead of a voice to talk to my friends? Of course it is worth a try.
2 encoding and combination/7
The Morse code is also called a binary code, because there are only two elements of this encoding: "points" and "strokes ". However, a combination of dots and strokes can represent any number of code words you want. What is the rule? In this chapter, we will discuss it.
3 Braille and binary code/13
Braille is a code invented to facilitate reading by blind people. In this chapter, we will analyze blee Braille to see how it works. We don't really want to learn bleep Braille, and we don't have to remember anything about it. We just want to sum up some encoding properties.
4 flashlight analysis/21
In order to understand how electricity works in computers, we must first carefully study electricity. But don't worry, we only need some basic knowledge. In this chapter, we will use a flashlight as a teaching prop to guide you into the mysterious electricity world.
5. Corner bypass communication/32
In Chapter 1st, we once talked about how to use a flashlight to talk with friends. However, this method has limitations. You must live in the street to communicate with each other, and the window in your bedroom is just opposite. However, this is not always the case in reality. When the light of a flashlight cannot reach a friend's bedroom, how can we communicate with them silently? The circuit may help you.
6 electric record and relay/40
Global instant messaging has become commonplace for us. If you were living in the early 19th century, it would be less convenient. Of course you can do instant or remote communication, but you cannot do both. Instant messaging is limited by the sound propagation distance or by the field of view. Mailing can be used for longer-distance communication, but sending messages takes too much time and requires the help of transportation. To solve this problem, the telegraph came into being, and the relay that came along with the birth of the telegram was a great invention of great significance.
7. Our ten numbers/47
It is easy to understand that a language is just an encoding. For example, "cat" in English can be written as Gato, chat, katze, koiiik, or kátta in other languages. However, numbers do not seem so easy to change with cultural differences. No matter what language we speak or what pronunciation we use, everyone on this planet writes numbers in the following ways: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Do you know the ten numbers?
10 alternatives/55
10 is a very important number for humans. It is the number of fingers or toes that most of us have. We humans have adapted to a 10-based digital system. But can only be counted in decimal format? What if a human has only four fingers per hand like a cartoon character?
9 binary/71
Binary is the simplest digital system, which contains only two numbers: 0 and 1. Bit in binary is called 1 bit. We can use it to express simple information: yes or no; bright or extinct; turn on or off, and so on. In fact, as long as the information can be converted into two or more possibilities, it can be expressed in bits. Such examples can be seen everywhere in daily life, such as the speed of the camera film and the barcode on the packaging of various products.
10 logic and switch/90
For the ancient Greek, logic is a method of analysis used in the pursuit of truth and a philosophical form. George Boolean, a British mathematician, thinks that he can find a mathematical form to describe logic, so he invented the Boolean algebra. More importantly, Boolean algebra can be implemented using a circuit consisting of switches, wires, and bulbs. and or in Boolean algebra are connected and connected in parallel with switches in a line, has a wonderful ing relationship.
11 doors/108
Relays, like switches, can be connected in series or in parallel to execute simple logic tasks in the circuit. The combination of such relays is called logic gate (gate. The logic gate to execute a "simple" logic task here means that the logic gate only performs the most basic functions. This chapter describes the processes used to complete the most basic logical tasks.
12 binary divider/135
Addition is the most basic operation in arithmetic computation. If you want to build a computer, you must first build two devices that calculate the number of integers. In this chapter, we will use the simple components such as switches, bulbs, wires, batteries, and logic gates used in the previous chapter to build a binary calculator.
13 How to Implement subtraction/147
When you are sure that the relay can be connected together to realize the addition of binary numbers, you may ask: "How to Implement subtraction ?" Good question! This indicates that you are quite aware. addition and subtraction complement each other in some aspects, but there is an essential difference between the two in terms of mechanisms. However, it doesn't matter. We can find some ways to convert the subtraction operation into addition.
14 feedback and trigger/160
Imagine how to count if you have no memory? We don't remember the number we just counted. Of course we cannot determine what the next number is! Likewise, a counting circuit must require a trigger. This chapter describes various triggers.
15 bytes and hexadecimal/186
In the previous chapter, the input and output forms of the processors, latches, and data selectors are both eight-bit data streams, that is, the data path's bit width is 8. Why is it 8-bit? Why is it not 6, 7, 9, or 10? This chapter explains the reasons.
16 memory organizations/197
Every morning, we wake ourselves up from our sleep, and the gaps in our brains will soon be filled with memories. We will immediately realize where we are, what we have done recently, and what plans we have. Some things can be remembered soon, but sometimes they are not. We can use many tools to record information, such as pen, paper, and tape. Of course, we can also use storage.
17 automatic operations/215
Human nature has some characteristics of laziness. We always resist heavy work and hate boring and repetitive work. Therefore, when you have to use the previously set-up calculator to calculate 100 numbers or even more numbers, there is an idea that cannot be contained in your mind: how can I enable the calculator to automatically input and compute data? There must be some solutions, that is, programming.
18 from Abacus to chips/252
Abacus, slide ruler, Napier skeleton, differential extension, parsing machine, relay, electronic tube, transistor, Chip, computer; gantt, Pascal, lebuiz, jiequide, bababaizhi, Turing, von noriman, Shannon; IBM, Bell lab ...... Do you feel overwhelmed? Linking these familiar or unfamiliar terms and names is the history of the development of human computing tools. Let time go back and look at the sophisticated tools to feel the ingenuity of the talents!
19 typical microprocessor types/276
All components of the central processor are encapsulated into a silicon chip, and the microprocessor is obtained. The first microprocessor chip was born in 1971, namely the Intel 4004 series, which integrates 2300 transistors, you may find it ridiculous-today, the number of transistors placed on the microprocessor of a home computer is measured in billions. However, in essence, the actual work of the microprocessor has not changed. In this chapter, let's take a look at two typical microprocessor with brilliant history: Intel 8080 and Motorola 6800.
20 ASCII code and character conversion/307
The only form of memory in a computer that can be stored is bits. Therefore, if you want to process information on a computer, you must convert them into bits for storage. We have learned how to use bits to represent numbers and machine codes. How can we use it to store text? After all, most of the information accumulated by humans is stored in various forms of text. The next step is the ASCII code!
21 bus/325
A computer includes many components: a central processor, a storage device, and an input/output device. These components are usually installed on two or more circuit boards according to their functions. These boards communicate with each other through bus. If you make a simple summary of the bus, you can think that the bus is a collection of digital signals, and these signals are provided to each circuit board on the computer.
22 operating system/346
You may have dreamed of assembling a nearly complete computer by yourself, just like the old puppet master CAPTCHA, all of which are automatically completed with small parts. However, before your machine can complete the operations you want, there is still an important thing-the operating system!
23 fixed points and floating point/365
Integers, scores, percentages, and other types of numbers are inseparable from us. They appear almost everywhere in our lives. For example, if you work 2.75 hours overtime and the company pays your salary 1.5 times the normal working hours, you use the money to buy half a box of eggs and pay a sales tax of 8.25%. In the memory of a computer, all numbers are represented in binary format. Through the previous study, we know that 2 can be expressed as 102 in binary format, but how can 2.75 be expressed in binary format? This is the topic of this chapter.
24 advanced and low-level languages/381
Chapter 2 describes how to write a simple program that allows us to use a keyboard to input hexadecimal machine code into a computer and check the Code through a video display device. However, using machine code to write a program is like using a toothpick to eat and sticking out your arm for a long time, but every time you get only a small one, it is laborious and time-consuming to write a program in this low-level language, it is contrary to our original intention to invent computers. However, people come up with a more efficient programming method-using advanced languages.
25 graphic revolution/398
Looking back, from the first relay calculator till now, 60 or 70 years have passed, and the processing speed of the computer has increased rapidly. However, to make full use of the computer's increasing computing and processing capabilities, we must constantly improve the user interface in the computer system because it is the axis of human-computer interaction. The graphic revolution is coming!

Source of this book: China Interactive publishing network