Meet the Internet---Classic Internet book reading summary

For the internet this ubiquitous "network", we should not feel unfamiliar. IDC Commentary said: By the end of 2014, the number of global access networks has reached 2.9 billion (40% of the world's population).
This is an era of Internet interconnection, this is a network economy era, the small and continuous changes brought about by the network changed the behavior of everyone since the industrial era, thus creating a new mode of economic development. The Internet not only brings together a variety of computing devices to provide a new means of communication for mankind, but also radically changes our society from the aspects of culture, economy and politics, and promotes the progress of world civilization.
Today, we are inseparable from the Internet in all aspects of our learning, work and life. With the Internet, we can enjoy the knowledge of the sea, with the Internet, we can easily travel through the vast array of shops, with the Internet, we can make a friend who has not met the same-minded friends.
The internet is so big that it is not a person, a research institution or a company, not even a nation's invention, but the result of the joint contribution of the whole world.
Recently, I carefully read the "top of the tide ", " Light of Civilization ", "the Hundred Years of Silicon Valley " and other books, the development of the Internet has a certain understanding. This article is a summary of the current situation of the Internet and the future development, and attached with my own point of understanding.

I. Overview
Today, for many people, the internet is like eating and sleeping, becoming a necessity. So what is the evolution of the Internet that we rely on so much? Where will its future go?
The embryonic form of the Internet is the ARPANET established in the 1960s by the United States Higher Research Program (Projects Agency, abbreviated ARPA). It is the first network in the world to implement packet switching, and also the one that implements TCP/IP protocol. The network was established to attempt to share processor and memory resources on a remote computer.
In the 1981, the American Natural Science Foundation (NSF), a substantial expansion of the ARPANET Foundation, formed a nsfnet. The purpose of this network is to make it easier for researchers in universities to remotely use computers from several supercomputing centers in the United States. In 1982, American universities and major companies agreed to designate the TCP/IP protocol as a standard protocol on nsfnet. So universities are connected to the NSFNet, and this network has become the real Internet.
In the the late 1980s, companies in the United States also wanted to access the Internet, so there was a commercial Internet service provider. In 1990, Arpa withdrew from the administration of the Internet, and NSF withdrew after 5 years. From this time onwards, the entire Internet quickly began to commercialize, a large influx of money to make it explosive growth. The development of the Internet has gradually affected many industries associated with it, which has also made it a locomotive for the development of the world economy.
Let's start with the development stage of the Internet.

second, the development stage of the Internet
In 1993, Cisco was listed as the first major event in the history of the commercialization of the Internet. Cisco has prepared hardware devices (routers) for the global spread of the Internet, which has facilitated the transformation of the Internet from academia to commercialization.
In April 1994, Clark and Andriessen founded Mosaic Communications Company in Mountain, Silicon Valley, and later renamed Netscape Communications. The company has developed a means for Internet users to access the Internet. It launches the Netscape Navigator (Navigator) browser, making it possible for anyone with a mouse or keyboard to browse and deliver information over the Internet.
In January 1995, two students at Stanford University, Jerry Yang and Figaro, launched Yahoo!, which catalogs all existing sites in a predetermined category. The great thing about Jerry Yang and Filo is that when there is little content on the Internet, the importance of Internet content is noticed. They made the Internet free, open and profitable.
On the one hand, Yahoo collated and indexed the content of the Internet, on the other hand, the local offline content moved to the Internet, so as to create an Internet portal, but also opened the Internet 1.0 era.

1. Internet 1.0
The Open and free business model established by Yahoo has set an example for Internet companies all over the world, and they have followed Yahoo's approach, which has swept the globe in just a few years. By 2000, the world's largest traffic sites are all portals, in the United States is Yahoo, MSN and excite, in China is Sina, Sohu and NetEase three portals. We call the era of the portal website the Internet 1.0 era.
Internet 1.0 era is characterized by the site is always in the active side of the interaction, the user is on the passive side. The website provides access to the Internet, provides content, and directs users to access content of their own interest. The flow of information is simply pushed from the portal or level two Web site to the user, which is exactly the same as the newspaper, radio, and television. Message Board BBS is the only place where users can take the initiative to speak.
Because of the one-way flow of information, so in the Internet 1.0 era, netizens want to have a say the only way is to start their own website. Around the age of 2000, a variety of websites around the world have sprung up, creating an "oversupply" situation that has contributed to the collapse of the dotcom bubble from the end of 2000 to 2002, and 99% of the sites have been shut down.
The collapse of the internet bubble, from the evolution of the internet is not a good thing, it clears a lot of less valuable sites, paving the way for the development of the Internet 2.0.
2. Internet 2.0
Internet 2.0 is a successful evolution of the Internet, we first look at the characteristics of the Internet 2.0, and then introduce several well-known Internet 2.0 companies.
An Internet 2.0 company needs to have all of these, at least some features: first, there must be a platform to accept and manage user-submitted content, which is the main body of the service; second, provide an open platform for users to develop their own applications on the platform and provide it to other users; third, interactivity; Competitiveness and self-sufficiency.
Below, let's look at several world-renowned Internet 2.0 companies to see if they meet these characteristics.
(1) Wikipedia
In 2001, Wales and Sanger in the United States used wiki technology to launch a Web site that allows Internet users to write their own encyclopedias and then make content available to Web users for free. This is the origin of Wikipedia. Wikipedia simply provides a platform for users to write and share content and a technology that automatically links related content, without providing any content on its own.
In just 10 years, netizens have written nearly 3.9 million English content for Wikipedia, more than 65,000 articles written by Britannica in 200 years. For many senior professionals, Wikipedia does have issues of accuracy and fairness, but it is good enough for ordinary people to gain knowledge.
Because of its free, convenient, wide coverage and new content, Wikipedia has quickly become an important way for ordinary netizens (including students, general staff, etc.) to query and acquire common-sense knowledge. Its rapid growth in traffic has now become one of the top ten websites in the world.

(2) Twitter
In 2006, after Williams and Stone left Jason, Google, and Dorsey, Holly Jennifer and other people started the Twitter company. It took them two weeks to develop a product called tweets, a product that combines the characteristics of group text messages and blogs, where the sender sends messages like text messages to others (friends or the public). Tweets has a "strange" rule that the content of each message cannot exceed 140 bytes.
The person who writes the Twitter message is the sender, and the person who receives the message is called a follower. When followers also post comments in a similar way, the interaction occurs. This kind of improvisation, which does not require too much time and too much brain, has replaced the original more formal, and the more lengthy blog, becoming a highly active network interaction behavior.

(3) Facebook
Facebook is a social-networking story that has been filmed as a movie "Social network." But it is not just a "social network", but a platform to start from "social networks".
In February 2004, Zuckerberg and others at Harvard University launched a website thefacebook.com. After the launch of the site, the students loved it and quickly expanded to several other universities. The site was originally aimed at students at school and later opened to the world in August 2006.
The average company is always trying to study what the user needs, and then launch the corresponding product in a targeted manner. But Facebook is not the same, it just provides a platform for the public, it does not bear any product decision error risk, as long as focus on the platform to do cool, good.
The Facebook platform was officially launched in March 2007, a move that is popular among users, with up to millions of software technicians currently serving on the Facebook platform.
It is because of Facebook's network effect that its number of users is growing fast. Facebook had more than 100 million active users in April 2008, with more than 200 million active users in February 2009, and more than 300 million active users in August 2009, while the number of active users exceeded the 500 million mark in August 2010. Today, Facebook is the world's largest social network.
Facebook was officially listed on May 18, 2012, with a peak of more than $104 billion.

From Wikipedia to Twitter to Facebook, we can see that one of the most common features of the Internet 2.0 Company is its focus on building a common platform, complemented by the development power of the community and the vast majority of users to complement the full service.
We look at the transformation of Internet 1.0 to Internet 2.0 in three ways: there is no innovation in technology, there is a revolution in the way people use the Internet, and in business models, the Internet's ecological chain has been optimized.

third, the future outlook of the Internet
The development of the Internet has profoundly changed our life. Whenever the Internet industry has progressed, the world's economy is upward. Although there is no causal relationship between them, but we can still find that the development of the Internet and economic development is consistent.
So, how will the future of the Internet develop? What Internet technology has changed human life, and will continue to change people's lives more radically?
1. Cloud computing
August 9, 2006, Google's CEO Schmidt at the search engine Congress for the first time the concept of "cloud computing" (Cloud Computing). Since then, cloud computing has been a hot concept in the IT world.

(1) The Evolution of cloud computing
Cloud computing can be traced back to Oracle's CEO Ellison's concept of "cyber-computers" in the 90 's. In order to compete with Microsoft, Ellison proposed a "network of computers" new ideas, to try to minimize user demand for clients. However, because of the high cost of Internet access at that time, and most of the software on the client has no corresponding service on the Internet, "network computer" did not succeed.
By the year 2002, Google was rapidly emerging, and it began offering online services that replaced a variety of client applications and services. In addition, after 2002 years, the rapid popularization of WiFi technology, people online is very convenient, anytime, anywhere access, processing and sharing of information is becoming more and more important. In this way, the concept of cloud computing is born.
Google, IBM, and Amazon introduced the concept of cloud computing in 2005, and the global IT companies responded with a flurry of cloud computing services.
(2) The nature of cloud computing
By combining the characteristics of cloud computing in major companies, we can see the nature of cloud computing:
First, cloud computing ensures that users can access and process information anytime, anywhere, and can easily share information with others.
Second, cloud computing guarantees that users can use a large number of computing resources in the cloud, including processor CPUs and storage (memory and disk), without having to purchase their own devices.
(3) Key technologies for cloud computing
To be popular in the community, cloud computing requires multiple levels of technology, engineering and law. The key technologies involved include: storage, resource management, and information security.
In the storage aspect, mainly includes the massive data storage and the structured data storage. Resource management is the organization of thousands of servers, allowing users to feel remotely using cloud computing as if they were using their own computers. Information security technology is the key to the popularization of cloud computing.
(4) The Future of cloud computing
Since the development of cloud computing, it has caused subversion to the IT industry chain, and the new industrial chain will be formed gradually. The changes in the IT industry chain are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
First, as the Wintel (Windows plus Intel) system is fading, the core business of a large number of companies will be severely challenged.
Second, the hardware manufacturer's product line will be very much adjusted.
Thirdly, with the change of computing terminal Market, the corresponding peripheral market also began to change.
Finally, the importance of browser is becoming more and more important because the user terminal wants to communicate with the server in the cloud.
The development of cloud computing is a matter of society and requires public standards and services. But no matter what, the tide of cloud computing is unstoppable. While there are many companies that are deliberately speculating on the big flags of cloud computing, companies that stick to the fundamentals of cloud computing and real-world applications will be the last to laugh.
Of course, although cloud computing has been accepted by more and more companies and individuals, its popularization needs to be further perfected in technology, and more importantly, there should be perfect legal protection. Even so, the wave of cloud computing is unstoppable.
2. Internet 3.0
Today, almost everyone has a mobile phone, and people can access the Internet at any time, anywhere, with mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers. What is the difference between the Internet at this time and the Internet that is accessed with a PC? After Internet 1.0 and Internet 2.0, we are experiencing the Internet 3.0 era. This era is characterized by cloud computing and the mobile Internet, making the Internet truly a human network from the machine's network.

(1) The advent of Internet 3.0
From 2006 to 2008, the following few things have changed the internet to a rapid shift:
First, in 2006, Google's former CEO, Schmidt, proposed the concept of cloud computing.
Second, in the summer of 2007, Apple unveiled its first smartphone, the iphone.
Thirdly, from 2007 to 2008, a number of countries, including China, have started to upgrade their mobile networks from 2G or 2.5G to 3G.
Cloud computing, coupled with the mobile internet, not only makes it possible for people to access all kinds of information on the internet anytime and anywhere, but also makes it easier to share and contribute to a great increase in productivity.
Almost at the same time as the iphone was launched, Google launched its free Android operating system. Apple and Google are consciously promoting the use of lightweight mobile devices to replace the past PC, which has led to the Internet 3.0 era.
(2) changes in the IT landscape of the Internet 3.0
In the Internet 3.0 era, the entire IT industry pattern has undergone great changes, mainly manifested in:
First, PC sales in the world slipped in 2012.
Second, in 2012, Qualcomm, which provided chips for mobile devices, overtook Intel as the world's highest-value semiconductor company.
(3) The future of Internet 3.0
The mobile internet not only changed the pattern of the IT industry, but also changed people's surfing habits. People are immersed in the time of mobile phone more and more, mobile phones are increasingly becoming the necessities of life. More importantly, the mobile Internet has turned the Internet from a machine network into a human network, a revolution in the Internet, a new generation of Internet, or a 3.0-era Internet.
The future mobile Internet will replace the PC Internet and become the protagonist of the internet era. In the Internet 3.0 era, as long as everyone has new ideas, can use the mobile Internet platform to quickly promote, in the Internet 3.0 times, the new entrants into the industry and the company can stand on the same starting line with the original large companies, and even use their flexibility to go ahead. Therefore, in the Internet 3.0 era, all miracles are possible

Iv. Summary
Since the development of the Internet, the barometer of the world economy and the locomotive of economic development have been decided by many factors. The internet is the crystallization of human collective wisdom, different people and companies at different times for the development of the Internet has contributed.
While enjoying the free and rich content and resources that the Internet brings to us, we cannot help but ask, what does this mean? Through the development of the Internet, we have seen a positive knowledge of human enthusiasm and a good power. The fact that the Internet can be free and open is a sign that humanity has entered a new level of civilization not only at the material level, but also at the spiritual level.

Copyright NOTICE: This article for Bo Master original article, without Bo Master permission not reproduced.

Meet the Internet---Classic Internet book reading summary