Cultivating an open enterprise intellectual property culture

The intellectual Property College of Tongji University Zhou a few years ago, domestic intellectual property industry has a popular joke: a domestic authorities to its subordinate enterprises issued a notice on the protection of intellectual property, the Enterprise Manager after receiving documents, do not know which business unit to implement, and finally the document was granted to the Enterprise Security Office. A few years later, from the ignorance of intellectual property to a smattering of "problem patent" or "garbage patent", the different attitude and value orientation of dealing with intellectual property rights profoundly reflect the change of corporate intellectual property culture concept.　　It is one of the important problems that enterprise leaders have to think about how to deal with the conflict between technological innovation and intellectual property culture, and what kind of intellectual property rights culture enterprises should construct in the new situation. The connotation of intellectual property right culture of enterprises the concept of intellectual property rights culture was first put forward by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), all countries have shown great interest in IP culture, held an international symposium on the theme of IP culture, held various intellectual property cultural activities, and so on, the June 2008 State Council promulgated the　　The National Intellectual Property Strategy outline stipulates that the cultivation of intellectual property culture as one of the five strategic priorities, the promotion of intellectual property culture construction as one of the eight specific strategic measures. Because of the complexity and difficulty in grasping the cultural concept, scholars have made a multi-angle analysis and interpretation of the concept of intellectual property culture. There are two main types of knowledge about intellectual property culture, namely, the concept of intellectual property and the narrow sense of intellectual property culture. Zhongyi's view of intellectual property culture is that: intellectual property culture includes intellectual property rights system culture and intellectual property concept culture, that is, intellectual property rights cognition, consciousness, attitude, value, intellectual property law, policy and so on belong to the category of intellectual property culture. And the narrow sense of intellectual property culture that: Intellectual property culture is the concept of intellectual property rights culture, the intellectual property system is excluded in the category of intellectual property rights, that is, the core of intellectual property rights culture is people's knowledge of intellectual property rights, awareness, attitude, values, and its embodiment of the behavior.　　Although there is no universally accepted definition of intellectual property culture, cultural concepts such as intellectual property, intellectual property awareness and innovation awareness have been universally recognized as the core part of intellectual property culture. For enterprises, the knowledge of intellectual property and intellectual property system, the consciousness of respecting and protecting intellectual property, and the concept of technological innovation become the core content of enterprise intellectual property culture. In other words, enterprise intellectual property culture is the sum of the cognition, attitude, belief and values of the enterprise and its employees.　　The Enterprise intellectual Property rights culture and enterprise intellectual property system's rigidity, the direct sex is different, the influence enterprise and the enterprise employee to treat the intellectual property problem's attitude imperceptibly, the method that handles the intellectual property thing, its influence to the enterprise is much deeper than the enterprise intellectual property system, is one kind of long-term mechanism. Enterprise is the most active cityField subject, is also the most important innovation subject, we must take the enterprise intellectual property culture into the enterprise Strategy system, strengthen the intellectual property rights publicity and education, enhance the intellectual property rights awareness of all staff, proficient in the use of intellectual property rights and intellectual property system, to the benefit of intellectual property Rights management to the benefit.　　In addition, enterprises should abandon the narrow concept of intellectual property rights, adopt an open attitude towards intellectual property, recognize the importance of enterprise innovation in the management of intellectual property, understand the environment of enterprise technology innovation, and cultivate an open enterprise intellectual property culture. Innovative Wiki thinking and open innovation "no innovation, just die" is the advice of many managers to entrepreneurs. Voltaire also warned that: innovation is the spirit of the times, who do not have this spirit, who will bear all the misfortunes of the Times. If the enterprise as an innovative entity lacks the sense of innovation, it should be regarded as the biggest sadness of a country and society. "We firmly believe that the earth is not the rotation of love, but innovation." "John of the World's OECD?" Dryden's famous remark is almost impossible to emphasize the importance of innovation. Today, however, the importance of innovation is beyond doubt, but how to break through the "innovation dilemma", "technological innovation paradox" or "Silicon Valley paradox"-"The more innovation, the more by the market elimination" or "not innovation, and so on death, innovation, Death", the choice of innovative mode has become a hot topic in academia and business circles. In an open economy and technology environment, innovative wiki thinking and open innovation concept has become the last straw for enterprises to overcome the dilemma of innovation, that is, the so-called "non-aligned, perish."　　At the same time, because of the close relationship between technological innovation and intellectual property, the idea of innovative wiki thinking and open innovation is the problem that must be faced in cultivating the open enterprise intellectual property culture. 1995, Ward? Cunningham for its own development of a network for many people to create a collaborative hypertext system named Wiki, meaning "fast", intended to be through large-scale group collaboration to improve the program. The spirit of sharing and collaboration is called Wiki thinking, and the combination of Wiki thinking and economics is even called Wiki economics. Wikipedia, Youtube,myspace and Open-source software are all products of Wiki thinking. The collaborative culture based on wiki thinking has brought great impetus to the change of technology research and development mode, so that enterprises have to re-examine the drawbacks of the traditional technology research and development model. The humanistic spirit of the collaborative commons that Wikipedia brings is also deeply contagious for every participant, making it possible for everyone to get what they want. This is just like Anthony? Williams laments in the wiki economics: losers create Web pages, and winners create vibrant communities; losers create gardens with walls, and winners create a public place; the innovation of the losers is within the company, and the winner's innovation is with the user The losers carefully guard their data and software interfaces in case they are stolen,Winners share resources with everyone. Since 2003 the United States Henry? Chesabruf in his monograph "Open Innovation--the new rules of technological innovation and profit from it", open innovation has gradually become a heated topic in academia and business circles. The Open innovation practice of well-known enterprises at home and abroad lays a practical foundation for open innovation theory, and the development of Open innovation theory provides theoretical support and strategic guidance for breaking down the barriers of enterprise boundary. With the increase of employees ' mobility, the acceleration of knowledge diffusion and the development of private venture capital, the innovation Efficiency of Enterprise Research department or laboratory is low and the cost is too high, enterprises have to abandon the closed innovation mode and seek open innovation mode. In an open innovation model, ideas can flow out of the business and find a better way to commercialize them; ideas can also flow into companies as new incentives and business models. Imagine, a closed-doors invention, a source of technical innovation from the practical application, it is clear that the latter closer to the market, more easily to achieve industrialization, marketization. Therefore, the key point of open innovation theory is: Enterprises should make full use of both internal and external resources, efficient use of the industry, other industry people have a seemingly unrelated knowledge wealth.　　On the understanding of innovation, innovation theory has shifted from one-sided emphasis on technological innovation to the level of comprehensive innovation of enterprise management. Today, more and more enterprises have recognized the importance of Wiki thinking and open innovation. such as Procter and Gamble company, in order to overcome the drawbacks of inefficient technology research and development, the company changed to "Research and development" as "joint", created a "United + growth" site, the site, Procter and Gamble in the targeted release of technical needs information, search for external ideas, and translate these ideas into new products and services. The "creative marketplace" of Procter and Gamble relies on the innovative model of large-scale collaboration to successfully win the market. IBM is also a successful example of the practice of Wiki thinking for open innovation.　　From IBM's joint research and development of Apache, Linux, to open source, to free and open licensing of 500 patented technologies, IBM succeeded in winning the top of U.S. patents for the 16th consecutive year, earning huge profits, with only one year's royalty revenue reaching $1 billion trillion. The open concept of intellectual property culture is based on the open innovation model of Wiki thinking, requiring enterprises to have an open intellectual property culture concept. Of course, an open intellectual property culture does not exclude the monopoly of intellectual property rights, and it does not evade the nature of corporate pursuit of profit. As shown above, the comparison between open innovation and closed-end innovation is not difficult to find, in the closed-end innovation model, the main goal of enterprises to acquire intellectual property rights is to gain monopoly status and prevent the entry of other competitors. Enterprises focus on the protection of intellectual property rights, the external provision of technology also maintain a certain cautious attitude. Under the mode of open innovation, the emphasis of intellectual property right has shifted from pure protection to the comprehensive use of intellectual property, emphasizing that people shouldUse your intellectual property to benefit. At the same time, should buy other people's intellectual property rights, enterprises should become the intellectual property rights of active buyers and sellers.　　Open innovation can not only enable enterprises to realize the integration of innovative resources in a larger scope, so that "sleeping patents" can be resurrected, so as to achieve the maximization of technological innovation benefits. To use other people's intellectual property, we must first overcome the NIH syndrome (Not-invented-here syndrome). In the field of intellectual property, the so-called NIH (Not-invented-here), "not invented here" or "Not my invention" means that enterprises are unwilling to use external ideas to improve the business process, the intellectual property of others are skeptical, not willing to use external intellectual property for open innovation. China's Huawei Company is a successful enterprise to overcome the NIH syndrome and successfully build an open intellectual property culture in a global context. It is reported that Huawei has won the first number of patent applications in China for 6 consecutive years, the majority of its patent applications for invention patents, 3 consecutive years of Chinese invention patent application number one. By the end of December 2008, Huawei has applied for patents of 35 773 pieces. January 2009, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) published the 2008 global patent application in its website, the Huawei Company submitted 1 737 PCT international patent applications in 2008, topped the PCT patent application. Huawei, in addition to improving its competitiveness through independent development technology, has never rejected an open mind, so that research and development stand on the shoulders of Giants to acquire other people's intellectual property. Song, vice president of intellectual property rights at Huawei, concluded: "We paid a patent licence fee of more than 200 million dollars last year, but we traded in $ more than 20 billion in contract sales, and narrow and closed ' independent innovation ' meant high costs, which inevitably put companies at great risk." "In short, under the new situation, especially in the context of the global financial crisis, the construction of enterprise intellectual property rights culture must abandon the narrow concept of intellectual property rights, to open, a common win attitude of intellectual property management." First of all, enterprises should adopt open and innovative mode, make full use of internal and external research and development power, improve the efficiency of technological innovation. Second, enterprises should actively carry out intellectual property licensing, transfer, not only to obtain a certain cash income, but also through cross licensing and other means, to increase the bargaining chip with the competitor, in the fierce competition to gain a competitive advantage. Finally, should be good at using other people's intellectual property rights, fully tap the potential value of intellectual property, to obtain the greatest commercial interests.