Packages
A source file typically starts with a definition package
Package Com.doctorq.packages Fun
Main (args:array
Note that this place is not directly related to the directory where the package name and source files are located, and the compiled file will install the defined package name to generate the appropriate directory
Default imported Package kotlin.* kotlin.annotation.* kotlin.collections.* kotlin.comparisons.* (since 1.1) kotlin.io.* k
NULL security
An important feature of the Kotlin system is its commitment to eliminate null references. Avoid any NPE (nullpointerexception) exceptions.
Defining a variable that is allowed to be empty in Kotlin is not allowed to be defined in an empty way.
var a:string = "ABC"//Cannot be an empty
var b:string? = "ABC"//Can be empty
b.length//may error
//second one more than the first one '? '
Null valu
There's something new in the enumeration class in Kotlin: The constant of an enumeration class can be seen as an anonymous class with the same name.Since it is a class, it can be associated with a methodCheck the code of the official websiteIf you have experienced the use of enumerations in other languages, you may be confused by this definition and explanation.I'll give you an example and a result, and you'll be much clearer.Enum class Protocolstate
According to the current development model and some information on the internet, Springboot needs to be layered into business and operations, usually divided into controllers, entity, service, respository and other structures. Below is the Kotlin official website example, explains in the stratification time, needs to do what configuration.1, in the package com. Springbootusekotlin New Package entity, add a new class, named People Packagecom.kotlinSpri
Read a piece of code first
private var Cloth_rv:recyclerview = null
cloth_rv!!. Sethasfixedsize (True)
。 : Indicates whether the current object can be empty
。。 : Indicates that the current object is not empty for execution
It's all kotlin for us. Methods for examining null pointers
"Kotlin Grammar Foundation to actual combat development" series course video
Http://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/6409?
Returns and Jumps
Like Java, there are 3 jump statements in Kotlin return break continue break and Continue tags
We can give an alias to any expression, Kotlin call this a label.
Take an example of the previous for Loop statement
Doctorq@for (index in array.indices) {
println (index)
}
I've added a label to this for loop, with a suffix of @
doctorq@ for (i-1..100) {
doctorq2@ for (J-in
The error is as follows:Exception encountered during context initialization-cancelling refresh attempt: Org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException:Configuration problem: @Configuration Class ' Bugsnagclient ' May is not final. Remove The final modifier to continue. Offending Resource:class path resource [Com/rollong/chinatower/server/exception/bugsnag/bugsnagclient.class]The code should:Please add open before the funThe "Kotlin
a folder in which the war package will contain all dependent libraries (Java project depends on the most of the library is a jar package)In addition, I added the following in my gradle configuration file:apply plugin: "war"apply plugin: ‘application‘mainClassName = ‘com.ysl.jna.JnaApplicationKt‘(At the moment I don't know if it really works)The packaged operation is done here after you can choose the form you want to pack (or both forms of the package) after the package is finished, you will fi
Introduction to common operators and usages appearing in Kotlin
. Operator
Indicates that this object may be empty
Add a question mark after the variable type, representing the variable as a nullable variable
var name:string? = "Zhangsan"
/**
* If Str cannot be converted to INT type, then return null
/Fun parseint (str:string): Int? {
//(code slightly)
}
B?. Length//If B is non-null, return b.length, otherwise null, the type of the express
Kotlin commonly used operator 1, Elvis operator?:
If the left expression is not empty, the Elvis operator returns the result on the left, otherwise it returns the result on the right.Note that the expression on the right only evaluates when the left side is empty
Val a = b?. Length?:-1
//equivalent to:
val a:int = if (b!= null) B.length else-12, safe conversion as?
When using as transformation, classcastexception may often appear. So, now you can ma
Java. var and Val all member variables (including defined in the class and directly defined in the KT file) must be initialized when defined, and local variables (defined within the method) can be uninitialized. Such as:
var s:string? = null
var s2:string = ""
Fun Main (args:arrayS,s2,test three variables in the above code must be initialized, but not m is not required.
var: defines a variable variable.
Val: Defining constants, the defined variables are final types. such as
Control Flow If expression
In Kotlin, if is an expression that has a return value. But does not support three mesh operations
Val A = 1
val b = 2
var max = a
if (a
If the if branch is a block of code, the last expression of the code block defaults to the return value
Val max4 = if (a > B) {
print ("Choose a")
a
} else {
print ("Choose B")
b
}
If an if expression returns a result or if an if expres
Arrays are represented by arrayThere are three ways to initialize a number group:var = arrayof (array1:arrayvar array2:arrayvar array3:arrayKotlin also has a specialized class with no boxing overhead to represent arrays of native types: ByteArray, Shortarray, Intarray, and so on. These classes and arrays have no inheritance relationships, but they have the same set of method properties.The array type of the basic type of Kotlin (number, character, Boo
parameter, but it is not the first parameter.
When called, the parameter B is assigned by means of the parameter name = value, otherwise the assigned value is passed to the variable parameter a.
To turn on the class of the KT file above, you can find that the corresponding Java code for this function is as follows:
As you can see, variable parameter A has become a string array. Generic type
Specify the generic type by
Fun Main (args:arrayThis functionality is equivalent to extending the funct
When testing the Kotlin, we need a main function entry that is the same as the Java language, so be careful how you create it.
Right-click
Select the File type when you create a new item here.When you click OK, you create a. kt file that basically has nothing but a package xx.Then enter main return, the final generated main function:
Fun Main (args:array
After generating the main function, we can create the class directly in the current. kt file
This is a article on constructors in C # for the beginner level programmers. It covers simple constructors, constructors overloading, behaviour of constructors in inheritance, constructor chaining D Static Constructors. At the "End", it contains the general FAQs about
A. Overview of constructors in C # :C # the middle class contains data members and function members. Function members provide some functionality for manipulating data in classes, including methods, properties, constructors, and finalizers, operators, and indexers. 1. definition of constructor design :A constructor is a special method that allows an instance of a type to be initialized to a good state.2
Literals and constructorsThe literal patterns in JavaScript are more concise, expressive, and are not prone to error when defining objects. This chapter discusses literals, including objects, arrays, and regular expression literals, and why literals are better than equivalent built-in constructors (such as Object() , Array() etc.). This chapter also describes the JSON format, which is a data interchange format defined using the form of arrays and obje
to cause the object to fail, a Std::bad_alloc exception is thrown, and the "new" Operation never returns NULLPTR. On the other hand, the C + + language also guarantees that if the pointer P is a nullptr, then "delete P" does nothing and naturally there will be no error. Therefore, there is no need to check the validity of pointers before using "new" to create objects and the "delete" keyword before destroying them, so it is good to use them directly.// Creating Objects New Teacher (); // use po
The content source of this page is from Internet, which doesn't represent Alibaba Cloud's opinion;
products and services mentioned on that page don't have any relationship with Alibaba Cloud. If the
content of the page makes you feel confusing, please write us an email, we will handle the problem
within 5 days after receiving your email.
If you find any instances of plagiarism from the community, please send an email to:
info-contact@alibabacloud.com
and provide relevant evidence. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days.