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! I've been on this course 3 years ago, and it's been a long time ... Before going to bed to see this question, the day before yesterday wrote an article about learning Python in Coursera, just right question, so excerpt part, hope to be helpful:-)
Let's talk about the process of learning Python in
Programmers who have turned to AI have followed this number ☝☝☝
Author: Lisa Song
Microsoft Headquarters Cloud Intelligence Advanced data scientist, now lives in Seattle. With years of experience in machine learning and deep learning, we are familiar with the requirements analysis, architecture design, algorithmic development and integrated deployment of
function and map the given set to another set. The signature is as follows:
def map(s: Set, f: Int => Int): Set
The second parameter f is used to map the elements of the original set to the functions of the new set (first-class citizen !)
The question looks simple, just to judge whether the elements in s are equal to the input integer after f ing.
This includes two steps:
1. Is there any element in s that meets a specific condition (assertion )?
2. The specific condition (assertion) is mapped t
represent the right side of the inequality and Delta to represent ε.
So we have:
We have previously studied the probability of occurrence of bad events. Now let's look at the probability of occurrence of optimistic events:
P [| ein (G)-eout (G) |
Use Ω (n, H, Delta) instead of ε to get the desired good event definition: | eout-Ein |
Ω is positively related to N, Delta, and h or VC.
We ignore the Ω parameter first, so there are: | eout-Ein |
In most cases, eout is larger than EIN, because w
+ 1 parameter: x0 -- x256. We hope to use machine learning to determine the values of all these parameters. However, with so many parameters, machine learning may take a lot of time to complete, and the effect is not necessarily good. We can see that some pixels are not needed, so we should extract some features from
Finally the end of the final, look at others summary: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_641289eb0101dynu.htmlContact Machine Learning also has a few years, but still only a rookie, when the first contact English is not good, do not understand the class, what things are smattering. After learning some open classes and books on the go, I began to understand some conce
It should be this time last year, I started to get into the knowledge of machine learning, then the introductory book is "Introduction to data mining." Swallowed read the various well-known classifiers: Decision Tree, naive Bayesian, SVM, neural network, random forest and so on; In addition, more serious review of statistics, learning the linear regression, but a
Tags: tutorial set Test skills Virtualization ATI Introduction Operations Services1th Stage Basic Course -01 vmwareworkstation Virtual machine Use tutorialSuitable for objectsLearning systems and network IT courses require you to be able to build enterprise networks and server learning and experimentation environments on physical machines, and the skilled use of
Open Course address: https://class.coursera.org/ml-003/class/index
INSTRUCTOR: Andrew Ng1. unsupervised learning introduction (Introduction to unsupervised learning)
We mentioned one of the two main branches of machine learning-supervised
hypothesis closest to F and F. Although it is possible that a dataset with 10 points can get a better approximation than a dataset with 2 points, when we have a lot of datasets, then their mathematical expectations should be close and close to F, so they are displayed as a horizontal line parallel to the X axis. The following is an example of a learning curve:
See the following linear model:
Why add noise? That is the interference. The purpose is to
learning.In fact, these two states are not completely divided, for example, if we are trading in a lot of fraud, then we study the problem from anomaly detection to supervise learning.Exercise: Intuitive judgment of two situationsChoosingwhat Features to useThe previous approach is to assume that the data satisfies the Gaussian distribution, and also mentions that if the distribution is not Gaussian distribution, the above method can be used, but if we convert the distribution to approximate Ga
Tags: machine learning, data mining, overfitting, deterministic noiseCourse introductionThis section describes the problem of over-generalization in machine learning. The author points out that one of the ways to differentiate a professional-level player from a hobbyist is how they deal with the problem of preparation.
does not introduce a matrix, which is easy to calculate and can be correctly executed if there are few samples. The multi-element model is complex to calculate after the matrix is introduced. to calculate the inverse of the matrix, the model must be executed when the sample value is greater than the feature value.
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Although exception detection is mentioned in this article, it is used to in
(that is, Xi in {1,..., | v|} Value in | V| is the vocabulary of the lexicon), n-word messages will be represented by a vector of length n, and the length of the vectors for different articles will probably not be the same.In the multiple event model, we assume that this is the case with the message: first determine whether this is a spam message through P (Y), and then independently determine each word by multiple distributions P (x|y). The probability of the final generation of the entire mes
Andrew ng Machine Learning course 17 (2)Disclaimer: Reference Please specify source http://blog.csdn.net/lg1259156776/Description: This paper mainly introduces the use of value iteration and policy iteration two kinds of iterative algorithms to solve MDP problem, also introduced in practical application how to accumulate "experience" to update the transfer probab
is more than one, the Newton method iterates over the rule:Newton's method usually has a faster convergence rate than the batch gradient, and it takes a much smaller number of iterations to get close to the minimum value. However, when the parameters of the model are many (n), the computational cost of the Hessian matrix will be large, resulting in a slower convergence rate, but when the number of arguments is not long, the Newton method is usually much faster than the gradient descent.Summariz
Model (how to simulate)---strategy (risk function)-algorithm (optimization method)First section:Basic concepts and classifications of machine learningSection II:Linear regression, least squaresBatch gradient descent (BGD) and random gradient descent (SGD)Section III:Over-fitting, under-fittingNon-parametric learning algorithm: Local weighted regressionThe probability angle interprets the linear regression.
: One-to-multiple
)
Sometimes the problem is not as simple as determining whether a patient's tumor is malignant or benign. For example, determining whether the weather is sunny, cloudy, raining, Or snowing is necessary. We can use a line to separate binary classification. What about multiclass classification?
There is a simple method, that is, to separate only one category at a time. There are several categories to construct several decision edge, that is, severalH (x):
In th
ADD1 ()
DROP1 ()
9. Regression Diagnostics
Does the sample conform to the normal distribution?
Normality test: function shapiro.test (X$X1)
The distribution of normality
Learning set/Is there outliers? How to find Outliers
is the linear model reasonable? Maybe the relationship between nature is more complicated.
Whether the error satisfies the independence, equal variance (the error is no
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