1. Introduction to Linux and hardware

Linux has been around for more than more than 20 years, and it has spawned many distributions, including Slackware (derived from SuSE), Debian (derived from Ubuntu), and Redhat (Centos,fedora), the world's three major distribution editions. The respective derivative version details I will not write, interested in the small partner can gfsoso.com select the image search for Linux timeline, you can view the detailed information can also be directly accessible http://futurist.se/gldt/ The site has detailed content (note that the picture is very large, and the view is more difficult, it is recommended to use the Linux wget to download here I use wget to download, because too big to upload, so interested can go now use command wget Http://futurist.se/gldt /wp-content/uploads/12.10/gldt1210.png).

We all know that the computer has five parts: CPU, CPU controller, memory, input device, output device.

CPU operators: Implementation of operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, removal, shift, etc.)

CPU controller: Coordinates the work between components and units

Memory: Used to temporarily store the CPU's operational data and exchange data with an external storage device.

Input device: Used to implement input functions such as keyboard and mouse, etc.

Output device: Used to display results after CPU processing

Here is a picture of a desktop after the cabinet is opened

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To use the Linux operating system to install systems to the computer, we choose a lot of Linux system, on the enterprise server Redhat and CentOS is more common, here does not explain how to install (here is an unattended installation, the personal feel good http// Baidu.blog.51cto.com/71938/158675/, the next time the individual is making his own.

In fact, we installed a Linux operating system, is the Linux kernel plus GNU software composition, so we often call the Linux system is gnu/linux, here are some of the characteristics of the Linux system:

A.linux Performance for everything is a file; (i.e., configuration information for hardware devices and software, etc. are files)

B.linux is through a large number of small program combinations to achieve our complex work

C. As a server, we are making Linux as much as possible to avoid interacting with the user

So how do we operate the Linux system after we start Linux? We know that on Windows, when the system is installed, it enters a graphical interface of Windows, and Linux? After we've installed it, we're prompted by a login, and what we're interacting with the system is called Shell,shell. You have to have that shell before you can operate your system. The shell is a two-part graphical interface in Windows that we call the GUI (graphical User Interface) interface, and the login we provide in Linux is called the CLI (Command line Interface).

The following GUI for Linux is: gnome,kde,xface (small graphical desktop for embedded)

The following CLI for Linux is: Sh,bash,dash,tcsh,csh ...

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After we log in to view the currently logged on terminal as/dev/tty1 is a virtual terminal, we use ls-l/dev/tty1 to view

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Found that/dev/tty1 is a character device file (here is an unspecified solution, which is described in detail later), which also validates one of the Linux features described above. Here we are directly on the monitor operation, in fact, Linux also provides the way we can telnet, we can use SECUCRT, putty and so on to the Linux login, we use the TTY command to see the display is

[Email protected]_basic ~]# TTY
/dev/pts/1

We call this terminal pseudo terminal, Linux above is a few for Linux operation or the reality of the terminal

Description: where n is a number

Virtual Terminal:/dev/ttyn

Pseudo Terminal:/dev/pts/n

Physical Terminal:/dev/console is also known as the console: is the terminal before the virtual terminal is started.

Serial terminal:/DEV/TTYSN, refers to the use of VGA graphics card, through the serial port software one output.

If there is any mistake, I hope you can correct me, we learn from each other

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1. Introduction to Linux and hardware