20165105 preparatory work 3 Linux installation and learning

The installation process is carried out according to the graphic tutorial.

Follow the instructions provided by the teacher to download the installation of the VBox process is smooth, but in the download of Ubuntu image, English website download failed, through the cloud class in the Chinese students Wang YJ successfully downloaded the image, installed after the enhancement function encountered the following problems, find cloud class History news found a solution, is to eject the disc and click Enhance again.

Enhancements when the code, asked me "Yes or no" I answered 5 Yes after the program began to run, and finally continuously output "Y", I thought the program collapsed, it was forced to shut down ....

I do not know whether the enhanced function is successful, again knocked over the code, the result is the content shown, to the ink cloud class asked, the students said it was installed successfully.

Linux Basic Primer -- learn knowledge through experimentation

The problems encountered in the study can be answered in the cloud class, most of which is the historical news that other students have asked, and other small problems genius will answer for me.

Section I.

To understand the development of Linux, but also understand the similarities and differences between Linux and Windows, Linux has given me the most impressive is the security and stability of the system, as well as the efficiency of the use of proficiency.

Section II

After understanding the concept and sell of the terminal, it is time to start the command-line operation experiment.

Important Shortcut keys:

Tab: command completion, for my English base is poor students, this is a very important shortcut key, in I can not memorize commands, just enter the beginning, you can get the command I want to enter.

Ctrl + C: forcibly terminate the command, in case of problems in the program to avoid the program out of control.

Other common shortcut keys:

Ctrl+d	Keyboard input end or exit terminal
Ctrl+s	Pause the current program, pause and press any key to resume running
CTRL + Z	Put the current program in the background to run, restore to the foreground for command FG
CTRL + A	Move the cursor to the input outfit, which is equivalent to the home key
Ctrl+e	Moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the END key
Ctrl+k	Remove from cursor position to end of line
Alt+backspace	Delete a word forward
Shift+pgup	Scroll the terminal display up
Shift+pgdn	Scroll down the terminal display

Section III:

Function	Command
View User	$ Who am I
Create user	sudo adduser (Yuehy)
Delete User	$ sudo deluser (Yuehy)--remove-home
Switch login User	Su–l Lilei
Exit Current User	Exit or CTRL + D
See which user groups belong to	Groups ... (user name) or Cat/etc/group | Sort
Filter	Cat/etc/group | Grep–e "Shiyanlou"
Add another user to the sudo group	sudo usermod-g sudo ... (User name)
Output files in the current directory in a longer format (view file permissions)	Ls-l
Show all except '. ', ' ... ' contains hidden files	Ls-a
View the full properties of a directory	LS-DL (directory name)
Show all file sizes and sort by size	Ls–assh
Create a new X file	Touch x
Modify file owner to Shiyalou	sudo chown Shiyanlou ...
Modify... Permissions	chmod 700 (Order corresponds to RWX) ... or chmod GO-RW (+/-) ...

Fourth quarter

Function	Command
Gets the current path (absolute path)	Pwd
Go to the top level directory	Cd..
Go to your "home" directory	CD ~ or cd/home/< your username >
Enter the/usr/local/bin directory as an absolute path	Cd/usr/local/bin
Enter the/usr/local/bin directory as a relative path	Cd.. /.. /usr/local/bin
Create a name called ... The Empty Directory	Mkdir...
Create parent directory at the same time	Mkdir-p Father/son/grandson
Copy a file test to the specified directory	CP Test Father/son/grandson
Copy a directory to the specified directory	Cp-r Father Family
Delete a file or directory	Rm...
Force delete using the-f parameter	Rm-f ...
Delete Directory	Rm-r ...
Move to Directory ...	MV File1 ...
Renaming files	MV Old NES
View... File	Cat ...
Look at the file and show the line number	Cat-n ...
Paging through files	More ...
Viewing files with the head and tail commands	tail/etc/passwd
Look at one line.	Tail-n 1/etc/passwd
To view the types of files with the file command	File/bin/ls

Fifth Quarter

Function	Command
Create a variable named tmp	DECLARE TMP
Assigning values to variables	Tmp=shiyanlou
Read the value of a variable	Echo $tmp
Print related environment variables	Set (all environment variables), env (variables related to the current user), export (variables exported as environment variables)
Send command output through pipelines | Sort by using the sort command and then redirecting to the object text file	Export Temp_env=shiyanlou; env|sort>env.txt;export|sort>export.txt;set|sort>set.txt
Compare the contents of several exported files	Vimdiff env.txt export.txt Set.txt
Creating a child shell based on the experimental building environment	Zsh
Temp is a variable in the shell, exported as an environment variable	Export Temp
Create a shell script file	Vim hello_shell.sh
Execute script	./hello_shell.sh
Generate an executable file with GCC	Gcc-o Hello_world HELLO_WORLD.C
Add a custom path to the "path" environment variable	Path= $PATH:/home/shiyanlou/or echo "path= $PATH:/home/shiyanlou/mybin" >> ZSHRC
Variable modification to Path	${path# string},${path% string},${path# #字符串},${path%% string},${path//old string/new string},${path/old string/new string}
Delete Variable Temp	unset Temp
Make the. zshrc file effective immediately	source. ZSHRC or. ./.ZSHRC
Search for related commands	Whereis (only binary (-B), man Help file (-m), and source code (-s)), which (determines whether a specified software is installed, only searches for commands from the path specified by the PATH environment variable), find, Locate (different file types under the specified directory)
Find all files in/etc that begin with SH	Locate/etc/sh
Find all JPG files under/usr/share/	Locate/usr/share/*.jpg

Sixth quarter

Function	Command
Use Zip to package folders	Zip-r-q-o Shiyanlou.zip/home/shiyanlou
View the size of a packaged file	Du-h Shiyanlou.zip
Set the compression level to 9 and 1 (9 max, 1 min), repack	Zip-r -9-q-o shiyanlou_9.zip/home/shiyanlou-x ~/. zip; zip-r -1-q-o shiyanlou_1.zip/home/shiyanlou-x ~/ . zip
View the default compression level, minimum, maximum compression level, and uncompressed file size with the du command	Du-h-D 0 *.zip ~
Create an encrypted ZIP package	Zip-r-e-o Shiyanlou_encryption.zip/home/shiyanlou
Make the ZIP archive created on Linux do not have any problems after extracting it on Windows	Zip-r-l-o Shiyanlou.zip/home/shiyanlou
Extract the Shiyanlou.zip to the current directory	Unzip Shiyanlou.zip
Use Quiet mode to extract files to the specified directory	Unzip-q shiyanlou.zip-d Ziptest
View only the contents of a compressed package	Unzip-l Shiyanlou.zip
Specifying the encoding type when extracting	Unzip-o GBK Chinese compressed file. zip
Create a compressed package or add a file to a compressed package from a specified file or directory	RM *.zip;rar a Shiyanlou.rar.
To delete a file from the specified compressed package file	RAR d Shiyanlou.rar. ZSHRC
View only unresolved files	RAR l Shiyanlou.rar
Full path decompression	Unrar x Shiyanlou.rar
Remove Path Decompression	Unrar e Shiyanlou.rar tmp/
Create a tar package (package only, do not compress)	TAR-CF Shiyanlou.tar ~
Unpack a file (-x parameter) to the existing directory of the specified path (-c parameter)	TAR-XF shiyanlou.tar-c ...
View only unresolved package files	TAR-TF Shiyanlou.tar
Keep file attributes p and follow link h (symbolic link or soft link)	TAR-CPHF etc.tar/etc
Use gzip to compress files	TAR-CZF shiyanlou.tar.gz ~
Unzip the *.tar.gz file	Tar-xzf shiyanlou.tar.gz
Unzip the *.tar.xz file	-j
Unzip the *tar.bz2 file	-j

Seventh Quarter

Function	Command
To view the capacity of a disk	Df
View disk capacity in an easy-to-read manner	Df-h
View directory capacity	Du ...
View directory capacity in an easy-to-read manner	Du-h
View Directory Depth	Du-h-D 0 ~ (View level 1 directory only);d u-h-D 1 ~ (view 2 level only)
Read user input (output to file) from standard input with dd command	DD of=test bs=10 count=1 (or dd If=/dev/stdin of=test bs=10 count=1)
(output to standard output)	DD If=/dev/stdin of=/dev/stdout bs=10 count=1
Convert output English characters to uppercase and write to file	DD If=/dev/stdin of=test bs=10 count=1 conv=ucase
Create an empty file with a capacity of 256M from the/dev/zero device	DD If=/dev/zero of=virtual.img bs=1m count=256
Use MKFS to format a vdisk image as a Ext4 file system	sudo mkfs.ext4 virtual.img
See what file systems Linux supports	ls–l/lib/modules/$ (uname-r)/kernel/fs
Use mount to view a file system that the host has mounted	sudo mount
Mount the virtual disk image to the/MNT directory	Mount-o loop-t Ext4 virtual.img/mnt
Mount in read-only mode	Mount-o Loop--ro virtual.img/mnt (or Mount-o loop,ro virtual.img/mnt)
Uninstalling mounted disks with the Umount command	sudo umount/mnt (mount point)
Partitioning a disk	Fdisk
View hard disk partition table information	sudo fdisk-l
Enter disk partition mode	sudo fdisk virtual.img (enter p to view the results after the operation is completed, and then write the W to the partition table)
To establish an association between a mirror and a loopback device	sudo losetup/dev/loop0 virtual.img
View all loopback devices	ls/dev/loop*
Remove a Device association	sudo losetup-d/dev/loop0
Creating a virtual device mapping with the Kpartx tool	sudo kpart kpartx-av/dev/loop0
de-mapping	sudo kpart kpartx-dv/dev/loop0
Once the mapping is established, it is all formatted as EXT4	sudo mkfs.ext4-q/dev/mapper/loop0p1
Create a new four blank directory in the/media directory to mount the virtual disk	Mkdir-p/media/virtualdisk_{1:3}
Mount Disk Partitions	sudo mount/dev/mapper/loop0p1/media/virtualdisk_1 (etc.)
Unmount Disk Partitions	sudo umount/dev/mapper/loop0p1 (etc.)

Eighth Quarter

Function	Command
Use the type command to differentiate whether the command is built-in or external	Type ... (Command name)
Zsh built-in without help, into bash	Bash
Enter bash built-in with help	Help LS (not possible, because it is used to show shell built-in commands)
Foreign-built orders	LS--help
Get help with Man	Man ... (command name) (Exit with Q)
Get more help with info	Info ... (Command name)

20165105 pre-Job 3 Linux installation and learning