20165227 Chu Yue preparatory work 3 Linux installation and learning

Pre-Job 3 Linux installation and learning Linux installation

• The installation of the virtual machine is not as easy as imagined, there is nothing wrong with the download, and when I install it, the first problem arises when I choose the version and type of the virtual machine that was installed when I created the VM.

The type at that time showed Ubuntu (32-bit), and did not care, but this error I didn't find until the last virtual machine run error!
Finally changed it back to the 64-bit to the next step!

• In the installation of Ubuntu system software has not been successful, and finally in the solution of Baidu solved.

It turns out that my computer's BIOS settings do not allow virtualization and need to be changed in settings in order to install Ubuntu smoothly.

• After smooth access to the interface of the virtual machine, found that the virtual machine screen is always flashing, solve the learning elder sister only to understand that maybe I installed the version of Ubuntu has a problem, and then reinstall from the beginning, should be installed UBUNTU-16.04.3-DESKTOP-AMD64 This latest version is only right.

Study Notes

Basic concepts and operation of the shell

A shell in the ordinary sense is a program that can accept user input commands. It is called a Shell because it hides the underlying details of the operating system. The graphical user interface under the same Unix/linux GNOME and KDE are sometimes referred to as "virtual shells" or "graphic shells." The Shell under the Unix/linux operating system is both an interface for user interaction and a scripting language for control systems.

Important Shortcut keys

[Tab]: Use the TAB key to complete command completion.
[Ctrl + C]] : Terminates the current program.
[Ctrl+d]: Keyboard input end or exit terminal.
[Ctrl + A]: Move the cursor to the input wardrobe, equivalent to the home button.
[Ctrl+e]: Moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the end key.
[Ctrl+k]: Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line.

Wildcard characters

[*]: match 0 or more characters
[?] : matches any one character
[List]: matches any single character in the list
[!list]: matches a character other than any single character in the list [C1-C2][C1-C2]: matches any single word in the C1-C2 such as: [0-9] [A-z]
{String1,string2,...} : Match string1 or string2 (or more) one string
{C1.. C2}: Matches all characters in c1-c2 such as {1..10}

User and file Rights Management su,su-and Sudo

Su

User file Rights Management view user's parameters

[-A]: print all that can be printed
[-d]: print the dead process
[-m]: with AM i,mom likes
[-P]: Print the current number of logged in users and user name
[-u]: Print Current login user login information
[-R]: print run level

Linux directory structure and file basic operation Linux directory structure FHS standard

FHS (English: Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Chinese: File system hierarchy Standards), most Linux versions use this form of file, FHS defines the purpose of each region in the system, The required minimum composition of the file and the directory also gives the exception handling and contradictory processing.

Directory path Absolute Path

On the absolute path, simply the full path starting with the root "/" directory, the end of the directory you want to go to

Relative path

Relative path, which is the path relative to your current directory, relative to the current directory. As the starting point, to the end of the directory you want to go to

File find commands related to search commonly used have whereis simple and fast

$whereis who

Locate Fast and full

$ locate/usr/share/*.jpg

which small and fine

$ which man

Find fine and fine

$ sudo find/etc/-name interfaces

File packaging and compression common commonly used compressed package file format

. zip Zip: Program Packaging compressed files
. rar rar: Program Compressed files
.7z 7zip: Program-Compressed files
. Tar tar: Programs packaged, uncompressed files
. GZ gzip: Program (GNU Zip) compressed files
. XZ XZ: Program-Compressed files
. BZ2:BZIP2 Program Compressed files
. Tar.gz:tar packaging, gzip files that are compressed
. Tar.xz:tar packaging, XZ program compressed files
. Tar.bz2:tar packaging, BZIP2 program compressed files
. Tar.7z:tar packaging, 7z program compressed files

We need to master a few: Zip, rar, tar can

File system operations Basic operations use the DF command to view disk capacity

$ df

The Du (estimate file space usage) command and DF (report file system disk space usage) need to be distinguished clearly ~

To view the capacity of a directory using the du command

Common parameters

Du-h #同--human-readable to improve the readability of information by K,m,g.
Du-a #同--all Displays the size of all files in the directory.
Du-s #同--summarize only displays totals, listing only the last added value.

Help command built-in commands and external commands under Linux

The built- in commands are actually part of the shell program, which contains simple Linux system commands written in the builtins of the bash source, identified by the shell program and run inside the shell, usually When the Linux system loads the runtime, the shell is loaded and resides in system memory. and parsing the internal command shell does not need to create a child process, so it executes faster than an external command. For example: History, CD, Exit and so on.

external Commands are part of the utilities in a Linux system, because the utility is usually powerful, so it contains a large number of programs that are not loaded into memory with the system when the system is loaded, but instead call memory when needed. Although it is not included in the shell, its command execution process is controlled by the shell. External commands are installed outside of Bash, usually on/bin,/usr/bin,/sbin,/usr/sbin, and so on. For example: LS, vi and so on.

Help commands for using the Assist command

Go into bash and use the command within bash.

Then you can use the Help command.

Help LS

Man command

Mans LS

Info command

Info ls

20165227 Chu Yue preparatory work 3 Linux installation and learning