20165301 preparatory work Three: Getting Started with Linux installation and commands

Preparatory work three: Linux installation and command Getting Started VirtualBox virtual machine installation

Before the installation, originally thought that Lou Teacher's installation tutorial will be a very easy thing. Never thought, in their actual hands-on operation, or encountered a lot of difficulties. Through discussions with classmates and search engine Baidu, and finally successfully solved most of the problems. (All of the following issues are for WIN10 systems only)

The first problem is that when I create a new virtual machine, I can only select 32 bits and no 64-bit

Baidu found to check whether the computer is virtualized before installing the virtual machine

Open Task Manager-performance-CPU

If not virtualized, Setup is required.

Restart your computer and press Del to enter the BIOS interface of your computer and follow the settings below.

After the virtual machine installation is complete, the virtual machine is started and the screen is flashing continuously. After discussion with classmates to go to Ubuntu official website to download UBUNTU-16.04.3-DESKTOP-AMD64 after solve this problem.

Getting Started with commands

Linux introductory study completed in the lab building

• Linux System Introduction

• Linux, like Windows, is an operating system that is more difficult to get started than Windows.

• Basic Concepts and operations

  Basic operations

  instruction	function
  Tab	Complete command
  CTRL + C	Terminate Current Program
  Ctrl+d	Keyboard input end or exit terminal
  CTRL + A	Move the cursor to the input outfit, which is equivalent to the home key
  Ctrl+e	Moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the END key
  Ctrl+k	Remove from cursor position to end of line

• User file Rights Management

• View User

  Parameters	Description
  -A	Print all that you can print
  -D	Print the Dead process
  -M	With AM I,mom likes
  -P	Print the current number of logged-in users and user names
  -U	Print current logged in user login information
  -R	Print Run level

• Create user

su,su-and Sudo

• User groups

Method One: Use the group command

Method Two: View/etc/group file

• Modify file Permissions

Binary digit representation

• Linux directory structure and file basic operation

• FHS Standard
  

  Directory path

  instruction	function
  $ CD.	Go to previous directory
  $ cd ~	Go to your home directory
  $ mkdir Mydir	Create an empty directory named "Mydir"

• Basic operation of Linux files

  New

  instruction	function
  Touch	Create a new blank file
  Mkdir	New Catalog
  Cp	Copy
  Rm	Delete
  MV source file directory destination file directory	Moving files
  MV old filename New file name	Renaming files

• Environment variables and file lookups

• Environment variables

There are usually three types of variables that we will be involved in:

• The current shell process private user-defined variables, such as the TMP variable we created above, are only valid in the current shell.
• The built-in variables of the Shell itself.
• An environment variable exported from a custom variable.

Variable modification

How variables are set	function
${Variable name # Match string}	Start the match from the back to delete the shortest data matching the matched string
${variable name # #匹配字串}	Start the match from the back to delete the longest data matching the matched string
${variable name% matching string}	Match from tail forward to delete the shortest data matching string
${variable name percent match string}	Match from tail forward to delete maximum data matching string
${variable name/old string/new string}	Replace the first string that matches the old string with a new string
${variable name//old string/new string}	Replace all strings that match the old string with a new string

• File packaging and compression

  Compressed files:

  file suffix name	function
  *.zip	Zip program to package compressed files
  *.rar	RAR Program Compressed files
  *.7z	7zip Program Compressed Files
  *.tar	Tar program packaging, uncompressed files
  *.gz	Gzip (GNU Zip) compressed files
  *.xz	XZ Program Compressed Files
  *.bz2	BZIP2 Program Compressed Files
  *.tar.gz	Tar packaging, gzip program compressed files
  *.tar.xz	Tar packaging, XZ program compressed files
  *tar.bz2	Tar package, BZIP2 program compressed files
  *.tar.7z	Tar pack, 7z program compressed files

• File operations and Disk Management

instruction	function
Df	command to view disk capacity
Dd	Create a virtual image file
Mkfs	Command format disk
Mount	Command Mount Disk
Fdisk	Command for disk partitioning

• Commands for help under Linux

Internal command

• is part of the shell program.

External command

• is a utility part of a Linux system

Use of HELP commands

• Help command
• Man command
• Info command

20165301 preparatory work Three: Getting Started with Linux installation and commands