30 basic concepts that cannot be ignored in website Availability design

You do not have to get others' consent in everything. As a professional Web developer, you are an advocate of your guest hobbies and needs. You must stick to your understanding of good user experience, make sure that your visitors may still find their path in a complex website architecture. This means that when discussing with users and colleagues, you must be able to stick to your position and effectively convey your own ideas. In fact, your job is to compromise on wrong ideas and misleading concepts, rather than blindly following them.

In this situation, nothing can help you, except for deep knowledge related to fundamental issues in your work. However, even if you know this knowledge, it is important that you know how to call these concepts and how to use them in the discussion. In addition, it is helpful for you to prepare accurate terms that you may need at hand as arguments.

In this article, we describe 30 important availability questions, terms, rules, and principles that are often forgotten, ignored, and misunderstood. What is the difference between readability and legibility? What are the meanings of the 80/20 and principles? What does mine clearance and satisfaction mean? What is gradual enhancement and graceful degradation? You can find the answer.

I. Availability: Rules and Principles

7 ± 2 Principle

Due to the limited ability of the human brain to process information, it divides complex information into blocks and small units. According to A study by George A. Miller, short-term memories of humans generally only remember 5-9 things at A time. This fact is often used as an argument to limit navigation menu options to seven; however, the magic "7, add 2 or subtract 2" still caused heated discussion. Therefore, it is unclear whether the principle can, possibly, or should be applied to the web. Miller's research.

2 seconds Principle

A loose principle is that users do not have to wait for more than 2 seconds for certain system responses, such as application conversion and start response time. 2 seconds is a bit arbitrary, but it is indeed a reasonable order of magnitude. The principle of reliability is that the less user wait time, the better the user experience. [Availability first]

　3-click Principle

According to this principle, if the user cannot find the information and complete the website function in three clicks, the user will stop using the website. In other words, this principle emphasizes clear navigation, logical architecture, and subsequent site hierarchies. In most cases, the number of clicks is irrelevant. What really matters is that tourists always know where they are, where they are going, and where they will go. If the user feels that they have a full understanding of how the system works, or even 10 clicks, the user will feel OK.

　80/20 principles)

The principle of parallelism (also known as the important minority rule and the sparse factor principle) points out that 80% of the effect comes from 20% of the reasons. This is the basic empirical law in business ("80% of sales come from 20% of customers"), but it can also be applied to design and availability. For example, we can significantly improve the effect by identifying users, customers, activities, products, or programs that contribute 80% of the profits of 20% and maximizing their applicability.

　8 interfaces: Jin Ke Yulu

As a result of Interface Design Research, Ben Shneiderman proposed and collected some principles inspired by experience and applied to most interactive systems. These principles apply to user interface design and webpage design.

1. Strive for consistency

2. provide available shortcuts for old users

3. provide useful feedback

4. dialog box for designing the end Function

5. Simple Error Handling

6. allow simple reverse Functions

7. Provide a sense of control. Internal control points supported

8. Reduce Short-term Memory

　Feitz's Law

Published in by Paul Fitts, February, feitz's law simulates human activities and uses the target distance and target size as a function to predict the time needed to quickly move to the target area. This method is usually used to move the mouse, and the visitor must move from point A to point B. For example, this rule is very important for how to place content areas in a more practical way to maximize content accessibility and improve content Ctr.

　Inverted pyramid

The inverted pyramid is a writing style that expresses the summary text at the beginning of the article. This method uses the famous "waterfall effect" in the news industry, and the news authors try to let their readers instantly know the theme of their reports. The article begins with a summary, followed by the key points, and the secondary details, such as background information. Because network users need immediate satisfaction, this inverted pyramid writing style is very important for network writing and better user experience. Like Nielsen's support

　Satisfied

Network users do not like to find the information they are looking for in the best way. They are not interested in the most reasonable and sound solution. Instead, they always scan what they think is "good enough" for the quick 'n' dirty solution. In the network, this method accurately describes user satisfaction: users use a "good enough" solution to solve the problem-in the long run, some alternatives can better meet their requirements.

　2. psychology behind availability

Baby Duck syndrome

Baby Duck syndrome describes visitors tend to be loyal to the initial design they remember and identify other designs by similarity with the initial design. As a result, users tend to look at designs that are similar to the original design they remember and do not like unfamiliar systems. These availability problems exist when many systems are re-designed: users get used to the previous design and feel uncomfortable with the new website architecture. They must find their own way to use the website.

Ignore ads

Network users ignore everything that looks like advertising. Interestingly, they are very good at it. Although advertisements are noticed, they are almost ignored. Because users have created associated schemas for different tasks on the website, when searching for specific information on the website, they only focus on some areas of the webpage, that is, the small text and hyperlink that they think may be related information. In this example, large colorful places or animated banner ads and other graphics are ignored.

　　

 

[Source: Ignore some ad discoveries and some new discoveries]

　　Exciting effect (Cai jianick effect)

Humans cannot bear uncertainty. We tend to find answers to questions that are of interest and that are not answered as soon as possible. The exciting effect is based on this fact. For exciting movies, articles and plots always have unexpected results, and often leave with a sudden shock or difficulty. This effect is often used in advertising: Advertisers often force them to read ads, click banners or follow up on a link by asking visitors to answer exciting questions.

The exciting effect was discovered by Bluma W. Zeigarnik in 1927, which established emotional connections among readers and was extremely influential in marketing. Visitors can better remember the advertisements and even the smallest details. In web writing, the exciting effect is also used to attract visitors to the website. (For example, "capture our RSS Feed to ensure that you do not miss the second part of the article !").

　The concept of a visual Tower

These are the basic principles of human-computer interaction design psychology.

The closeness law holds that when we classify objects, it is easy to classify similar objects into a group.

　　

 

A real example of the approaching law of mtvmusic awards.

Similarity rules mean that when content elements are similar to each other, we perceive them as a group.

The Pr ägnanz Law (image-background) indicates that when you perceive a certain field of vision, some objects (images) seem to be highlighted, and other things in the Field of Vision fade to the background.

　　

 

Apple's logo can be seen as a regular smiling face and a happy face on the side (looking at the computer screen)

Symmetry rules mean that we tend to perceive an object as a symmetric shape around the center.

Coherence rules refer to the forms in which we tend to perceive the continuous or continuous flow, rather than the break or non-continuous forms. In fact, they are not consistent.