5.12 pm Speaking Linux

disk Partitions in Linux represent:

such as:/dev/hda5:/dev/directory is the storage of hardware device files,HDrepresentsIDEEquipment,SDrepresentsSCSIEquipment,aindicates the sequential number of the hard disk, that is, the first hard disk isa, the second block isb .....and so on, just likeWindowsunder theCDiskDdisk,5represents the first logical partition. LinuxA partition consists of a primary partition and an extended partition, and the primary partition does not exceed4Logical partitions are partitioned in the extended partition, so the logical partitions are5start, regardless of whether the primary partition is full4a partition, anyway, before4The block is zoned to the primary partition.

Similarly, a SCSI Device The second block of logical partitions for the second hard drive is represented by:/dev/sdb6

file system type:

The default file system type used in Linux is EXT3(EXT4),SWAP, and other file system types, such as FAT16,FAT32,NTFS,XFS , and more.

directory structure:

Top level: root directory (/), several important directories under the root directory are:/root,/bin,/boot,/etc,/home,/var,/usr,/tmp ..... (It is important to store what in each directory)

switching of graphical and character manipulation interfaces:

graphical Interface -- character terminal:ctrl+alt+fn (n value 1~6, Later notes will explain why)

character Terminal -- character terminal:alt+fn

character Terminal -- graphical interface:alt+f8

after logging in, if the root user, the prompt is "#", if the normal user, the prompt is "$"

Shutdown and restart commands:

Restart :shutdown-r now

Shutdown-r +15 " Warning: System will restart in minutes

The reboot command also indicates a reboot, but the difference with shutdown is that it is a mandatory restart, and the shutdown command prompts the user to save, so it is recommended to use shutdown command.

shutdown:shutdown-h now or halt

start to execute some simple commands:

Note Linux is sensitive to capitalization, unlike windows ,where PowerShell in Windows Neither the command nor the function method is case-sensitive.

[[email protected] ~]$ su-root switch to root user

Password:

[[email protected] ~]# switch to root after prompt for #

[[E-mail protected] ~]# date display dates and times

Tuesday 21:09:09 CST

[[email protected] ~]# echo $LANG display currently supported languages

Zh_cn. UTF-8

[[email protected] ~]# Lang=en_us setting language

[Email protected] ~]# echo $LANG

en_US

[[email protected] ~]# cal View current month calendar

March 2013

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

[[email protected] ~]# BC Open Calculator

BC 1.06

Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This is the free software with absolutely NO WARRANTY.

For details type ' warranty '.

4*3

12

Quit Press the quit key to leave

[Email protected] ~]#

    In addition to mastering some commonly used hotkeys to help improve command speed, such as Tab ( AutoFill, and in the absence of any command, press two times tab key will appear all the commands, which can also be used as a help. ; ctrl+c : Interrupt the current running program; ctrl+d: keyboard input end, same as exit ctrl+l : Clear screen; ctrl+u   ctrl+k: emptied to the end of the line; "\" : Forced line wrapping.

5.12 pm Speaking Linux