6-linux-Disk Network Monitoring

Source: Internet
Author: User

Linux-monitoring systems and hard disk partitioning and network fundamentals

1. Top
1分钟 5分钟 15分钟 ni nice越高优先级越低  
Options
-b:以批处理模式操作;  -c:显示完整的治命令;  -d:屏幕刷新间隔时间;   -I:忽略失效过程;  -s:保密模式;  -S:累积模式;   -i<时间>:设置间隔时间;   -u<用户名>:指定用户名;  -p<进程号>:指定进程;  -n<次数>:循环显示的次数。
Interaction
h:显示帮助画面,给出一些简短的命令总结说明;   k:终止一个进程;   i:忽略闲置和僵死进程,这是一个开关式命令;  q:退出程序;   r:重新安排一个进程的优先级别;  S:切换到累计模式;  s:改变两次刷新之间的延迟时间(单位为s),如果有小数,就换算成ms。输入0值则系统将不断刷新,默认值是5s;  f或者F:从当前显示中添加或者删除项目;  o或者O:改变显示项目的顺序;  l:切换显示平均负载和启动时间信息;   m:切换显示内存信息;  t:切换显示进程和CPU状态信息;  c:切换显示命令名称和完整命令行;  M:根据驻留内存大小进行排序;  P:根据CPU使用百分比大小进行排序;  T:根据时间/累计时间进行排序;  w:将当前设置写入~/.toprc文件中。
2. Free
-b:以Byte为单位显示内存使用情况;  -k:以KB为单位显示内存使用情况;   -m:以MB为单位显示内存使用情况;   -o:不显示缓冲区调节列;   -s<间隔秒数>:持续观察内存使用状况;   -t:显示内存总和列;   -V:显示版本信息

The first part of the Mem line explains:

total:内存总数;  used:已经使用的内存数;  free:空闲的内存数;  shared:当前已经废弃不用;  buffers Buffer:缓存内存数;  cached Page:缓存内存数。   

The second part (-/+ Buffers/cache) explains:

(-buffers/cache) used内存数:第一部分Mem行中的 used – buffers – cached   

The visible-buffers/cache reflects the memory that is actually eaten by the program, and +buffers/cache reflects the total amount of memory that can be appropriated.

used=buffer+cached+(-buffer/cache)used(-buffer/cache)free=free+buffers+cached

Echo 3>/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

Uname-a-R

Cat/etc/redhat-release

Df-h Df-i Mount

Ls/dev/zeo DD If=/dev/zero DD If=/dev/zero (OF=/DEV/SDC) of=/a.txt bs=1g count=1

XFS File System

PS aux PS aux | Head-n 3 PS aux | grep MySQL

Top & Background Run

kill-9 PID pkill-9 Process Name

View process Tree Pstree ps-elf display Ppid

3. Hard disk Partitioning

Single disk to do Raid0,raid level recognition hard drive, does not change the drive letter

Ls/dev/ad fdisk-l/DEV/SDA GPT: Disk label type and DOS

Fdisk/dev/add

a toggle a bootable flag  b edit bsd disklabel   c toggle the dos compatibility flag   d delete a partition l list known partition types   m print this menu   n add a new partition  o create a new empty DOS partition table   p print the partition table   q quit without saving changes  s create a new empty Sun disklabel   t change a partition‘s system id   u change display/entry units   v verify the partition table   w write table to disk and exit   x extra functionality (experts only)

--

Command (m for help): n  Command action       e extended     p primary partition (1-4)   p //建立主分区   Partition number (1-4): 1 //分区号   First cylinder (1-391, default 1): //分区起始位置   Using default value 1 last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100 //分区结束位置,单位为扇区  Command (m for help): n //再建立一个分区   Command action       e extended      p primary partition (1-4)p Partition number (1-4): 2 //分区号为2  First cylinder (101-391, default 101):   Using default value 101   Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M //分区结束位置,单位为M  

Mkfs.sfs/dev/adb1

Extended partition and logical partition a partition can be mounted on a two-path, with Mount View

Umount-l forced uninstallation

MKFS Error occurred

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big for a    filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)    or lower inode count (-N).

View/DEV/SDB2 Types

/dev/sdb2   5001216    41943039    18470912    5  Extended

Direct formatting of extended partitions is not allowed, only primary and logical partitions can be formatted;

4. Creating Logical partitions





5. DD Test speed
bs=<字节数>:将ibs(输入)与欧巴桑(输出)设成指定的字节数;  cbs=<字节数>:转换时,每次只转换指定的字节数;  conv=<关键字>:指定文件转换的方式;   count=<区块数>:仅读取指定的区块数;   ibs=<字节数>:每次读取的字节数;   obs=<字节数>:每次输出的字节数;   of=<文件>:输出到文件;   seek=<区块数>:一开始输出时,跳过指定的区块数;   skip=<区块数>:一开始读取时,跳过指定的区块数;   

Example:

[[email protected] text]# dd if=/dev/zero of=sun.txt bs=1M count=1   1+0 records in 1+0 records out  1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.006107 seconds, 172 MB/s [[email protected] text]# du -sh sun.txt   1.1M sun.txt

The command creates a 1M size file sun.txt, where the parameters are interpreted:

    • The IF represents the input file. If you do not specify if, the input is read from the stdin by default.
    • The of represents the output file. If you do not specify in, the default is to stdout as the default output
    • BS represents the block size for bytes
    • Count represents the number of blocks being copied
    • /dev/zero is a character device that will constantly return 0 value bytes (.)

6-linux-Disk Network monitoring

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