A magic method that is surrounded by double underlines in Python

 Basic Magic Method　 __new__(cls[, ...]) Used to create objects
1.__new__is the first method that is called when an object is instantiated2. Its first parameter is this class, and the other parameters are used to pass directly to the__init__Method3.__new__Decide whether you want to use the__init__Method, because__new__You can call the constructor method of another class or return the other instance object directly as an instance of this class, if__new__The instance object is not returned, the__init__will not be called4.__new__is primarily used to inherit an immutable type such as a tuple or string__init__(self[, ...]) Initializes the object constructor, which is called when an instance is created__del__(self) destructor, the method that is called when an instance is destroyed__call__(self[, args ...]) Object Plus () call allows an instance of a class to be called like a function: X (A, B) calls X.__call__(A, b)__len__(self) defines the behavior when called by Len ()__repr__(self) defines the behavior when called by Repr ()__str__(self) defines the behavior when called by STR ()__bytes__(self) defines the behavior when called by bytes ()__hash__(self) defines the behavior when a hash () is called__bool__(self) defines the behavior when called by BOOL (), which should return True or False__format__(self, Format_spec) defines the behavior when called by format ()

    About Properties __getattr__(self, name) defines the behavior when a user attempts to obtain a property that does not exist__getattribute__(self, name) defines the behavior when the properties of the class are accessed__setattr__(self, name, value) defines the behavior when a property is set__delattr__(self, name) defines the behavior when a property is deleted__dir__(self) defines the behavior of the object when Dir () is called, returns all properties and methods of the key__get__(self, instance, owner) defines the behavior when a descriptor's value is obtained__set__(self, instance, value) defines the behavior when the value of the descriptor is changed__delete__(self, instance) defines the behavior when a descriptor's value is deleted
__dict__ () is a dictionary used to store object properties whose key is the property name and the value of the property.
__mro__ () parse order to see the inheritance order of a class

   comparison operators __lt__(self, other) defines the behavior of the less than sign: x < y call x.__lt__(y)__le__(self, other) defines a behavior that is less than or equal to: x <= y calls X.__le__(y)__eq__(self, other) defines the behavior of the equals sign: x = = y calls X.__eq__(y)__ne__(self, other) defines a behavior that is not equal to: X! = y calls X.__ne__(y)__gt__(self, other) defines the behavior of the greater than sign: x > y call x.__gt__(y)__ge__(self, other) defines a behavior greater than or equal to: x >= y calls X.__ge__(y)

     Arithmetic Operators __add__(self, other) defines the behavior of addition: +__sub__(self, other) defines the behavior of subtraction:-__mul__(self, other) defines the behavior of multiplication: *__truediv__(self, other) defines the behavior of true division:/__floordiv__(self, other) defines the behavior of integer division://__mod__(self, other) defines the behavior of the modulo algorithm:%__divmod__(self, other) defines the behavior when called by Divmod ()__pow__(self, other[, modulo]) defines when called by power () or * *Behavior when operating__lshift__(self, other) defines the behavior of the bitwise left SHIFT:<<__rshift__(self, other) defines the behavior of the bitwise right SHIFT:>>__and__(self, other) defines the bitwise-and-action behavior of the:&__xor__(self, other) defines the behavior of bitwise XOR or manipulation: ^__or__(self, other) defines the behavior of a bitwise OR operation: |    

　　 Inverse Operation __radd__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rsub__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rmul__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rtruediv__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rfloordiv__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rmod__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rdivmod__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rpow__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rlshift__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rrshift__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__rxor__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)__ror__(self, other) (same as above, called when the left operand does not support the appropriate operation)

　　 Incremental assignment Operations __iadd__(self, other) defines the behavior of assignment addition: + =__isub__(self, other) defines the behavior of assignment subtraction:-=__imul__(self, other) defines the behavior of the assignment multiplication: *=__itruediv__(self, other) defines the behavior of assignment true division:/=__ifloordiv__(self, other) defines the behavior of an assignment integer division://=__imod__(self, other) defines the behavior of the assignment modulus algorithm:%=__ipow__(self, other[, modulo]) defines the behavior of an assignment power operation: **=__ilshift__(self, other) defines the behavior of the bitwise left shift of the assignment: <<=__irshift__(self, other) defines the behavior of the bitwise right SHIFT of the assignment: >>=__iand__(self, other) defines the behavior of the bitwise AND operation of the assignment: &=__ixor__(self, other) defines the behavior of an assignment bitwise XOR OR operation: ^=__ior__(self, other) defines the behavior of the bitwise OR operation of the assignment: |=    

　　 Unary operator __neg__(self) Defines the behavior of a positive sign: +x__pos__(self) Defines the behavior of the minus sign:-x__abs__(self) defines the behavior when called by ABS ()__invert__(self) Defines the behavior of bitwise negation: ~x

　　 Type Conversions __complex__(self) defines the behavior when called by Complex () (requires returning the appropriate value)__int__(self) defines the behavior when being called by INT () (requires returning the appropriate value)__float__(self) defines the behavior when a float () is called (the appropriate value needs to be returned)__round__(self[, n]) defines the behavior when called by Round () (requires returning the appropriate value)__index__(self)
1when an object is applied in a slice expression, the reshape cast is implemented2. If you define a custom numeric type that may be used in slicing, you should define__index__3. If__index__is defined, the__int__Also need to be defined and return the same value

　　 Context Management (with statement) __enter__(self)
1. Define the initialization behavior when using the WITH statement2.__enter__The return value is bound by the target of the WITH statement or the name after__exit__(Self, Exc_type, Exc_value, Traceback)
1. Defines what the context manager should do when a block of code is executed or terminated2typically used to handle exceptions, clear work, or do routine work after a block of code has been executed

　　Container type __len__(self) defines the behavior when called by Len () (returns the number of elements in the container)__getitem__(self, key) defines the behavior that gets the specified element in the container, equivalent to Self[key]__setitem__(Self, key, value) defines the behavior of the specified element in the set container, equivalent to self[key] =value__delitem__(self, key) defines the behavior of the specified element in the Delete container, equivalent todelSelf[key]__iter__(self) defines the behavior of elements in an iteration container__reversed__(self) defines the behavior when called by reversed ()__contains__(self, item) defines when the member test operator is used (inchOr not inch) When the behavior

A magic method that is surrounded by double underlines in Python