A summary of Linux experiments

1. Summary of Issues 1.1 Linux releases, kernel versions;

The core version is primarily the kernel of Linux, providing only the basic functions and features of the operating system, such as memory management, process scheduling, file management, and so on. The release is a version of each company that is independently developed with its core version. Distributions typically integrate the Linux system kernel with numerous applications and related documents to form a suite that facilitates user use.

1.2 The representation of hard disks and partitions in Linux

is related to the hard disk device interface type. Divided into: 1. SCSI hard Drive--starts with SD. For example, SDA indicates that the first SCSI hard disk, SDB represents a second SCSI hard disk, and SDA1 represents the first partition of the first SCSI hard disk. 2.IDE HDD-starts with HD. For example, HDA represents the first IDE hard disk, HDB represents the second IDE hard disk, and hda1 represents the first partition of the first IDE hard disk.

View Partition command: cat/proc/partitions

View disk command: sudo fdisk-l

1.3 File system formats supported by Linux systems

An important feature of Linux systems is the support for many different file systems, such as Ext,fat,ext2,ext3,minix,ms Dos,sysv. Currently, the main file system used by Linux is ext3.

What are the installation methods of the 1.4 Linux system?

1. General Installation

2. Install on virtual machine (e.g. VirtualBox, VM Ware, Wine, QEMU, etc.)

3.wubi (Windows Ubuntu Installer) installation

1.5 primary partition, extended partition, logical partition, traditional BIOS boot + MBR vs. UEFI BIOS boot + GPT What is the difference between partition requirements.

Under MBR structure: Primary partition + Extended partition ≤4

Under GPT structure: not subject to the above limitations

Design of partition scheme for 1.6 Linux system installation

Scenario 1.

Device mount point description

/DEV/SDA1/Maximum remaining space

/dev/sda2 swap about memory size, recommended at least 512MB

Scenario 2.

Device mount point description

/dev/sda1/10~15g

/dev/sda2/home Maximum remaining space

/dev/sda5 swap about memory size, recommended at least 512MB

　　　

1.7 What is mount, mount point

Mount: There are no disk characters in the Linux system, all the commands and the drive characters in Windows are managed in the form of directories, and the process of each partition and a directory is called Mount.

Mount point: The location where the partition is loaded in the directory tree, the RAID device name, and so on.

1.8 X Window vs. Windows Manager vs. desktop systems, differences and connections

X window is a standard graphical interface for UNIX and all Unix-like (including Linux) operating systems. The architecture of the X window consists of two parts: the customer-server model and the X protocol. The window manager and desktop system are typical of the two X client programs.

The window manager is the software that determines the appearance of the window. Desktop system that controls the appearance of desktop icons and directories, the contents of the desktop and directory menus, and controls the effect of mouse actions on desktop icons, directories, and menus. The desktop system actually integrates the window manager and a series of tools.

X window is the driver of the event. When certain resources, such as I/O resources, trigger an event, it returns the event to the appropriate client program as needed.

2.shell command attempt 2.1 who command

The WHO command lists all users who are using the system, the terminal name used, and the time the system was registered. For example:

2.2 echo Command

The echo command displays the parameters on the command line to the standard output (that is, the screen). For example:

2.3 Date Command

The date command displays or sets the day and time of the system on the screen. If there are no options and parameters, the current date and time of the system are displayed directly. For example:

2.4 Cal Command

The CAL command displays a calendar of any year or any one month in A.D. 1-9,999. If you use this command without any parameters, the calendar for the current month is displayed. If a parameter is taken, the year is indicated. With two parameters, the first one represents the month and the second represents the year. For example:

2.5 Clear Command

Clear command clears the information on the screen

2.6 passwd Command

The passwd command can modify the original password. For example:

3. Try the operation in the Ubuntu GUI Environment 3.1 The desktop under the graphical interface

3.2 Directory files under the graphical interface

3.3 System setup under graphical interface

4. Problems encountered during installation of the system and solutions

Because the first contact installs the virtual machine and installs the system in the virtual machine, so the beginning has no clue, cannot start. But with the help of the teacher to document. Follow the above steps to step down, and finally the installation is successful. After installing the Linux Ubuntu system in a VMware virtual machine and finding it not full screen, try installing VM Tools. Although the official help documentation was given to the installation, the first installation failed. So I through Baidu to find someone else's installation steps, found their own existence problems. The first is the wrong command input, some space where I did not hit the sky grid, this time I am aware of the space in the Linux command is very important, sometimes not more dozen, can not be ignored. Then I understand the installation principle, the first to mount the optical drive, find the compressed file, then unzip, and then install. Finally I succeeded in installing.

5. Other gains and experiences

I've been using the Windows system before, and I've never used another system. The course of this Linux system gives me a new understanding of the operating system. I've summed up some of the differences between Linux and Windows based on my first experience. The first is the Linux platform is mostly open source free software, and many of Windows are closed source and charge. followed by the use of Windows system in the past, most of the contact and use of the graphical interface, all the operation is basically done on the graphical interface, and the Linux system's graphical interface obviously does not have Windows beautifully, but its command operation is the focus, a lot of operations need to be done in the command interface. Finally, I found that the entertainment under Windows, the game software is more, in the Office also do a good job, and Linux under the game entertainment is not much. So I think the Windows system is more biased to provide users with all aspects of good service, Linux is more inclined to develop the use of. This experiment made my interest in Linux operating system greatly enhanced, I think this operating system is very useful in many aspects, although I have just known this operating system, but I will slowly explore the knowledge and areas of my unknown.

A summary of Linux experiments