Ajax Basics Tutorial (1)-ajax Brief History of 1.1 Web applications

When chaos first opened, everything was so simple. To connect with a handful of top research institutions in the United States, the earliest "Internet" has been designed to work together on scientific research. Librarians, nuclear physicists, and computer scientists must learn a rather complex system. 1962, Massachusetts Institute of J.C.R (MIT). Licklider first proposed his "Galactic Network" (oversized network) ideas, Firefox and IE and other convenient tools even the concept has not been produced.

Licklider later continued to work on computer research at the Defense Advanced Research Program (DARPA), where he actively advocated the importance of networked thinking. Almost at the same time, MIT's Leonard Kleinrock and Lawrence G. Roberts are conducting research on packet switching theory, a core concept of computer networking. With Thomas Merrill's help, Roberts created the first wide-area network in 1965, and he connected a TX-2 in Massachusetts to a California State Q-32 with a dial-up connection.

At the end of 1966, Roberts came to DARPA with the results of his experiment, where he conceived the plan of the Advanced Research Project Management Network (Advanced study Projects Administration network,arpanet). At this point, Kleinrock is at the UCLA Network Measurement Center (Network Measurement Centre), which is chosen as the first node for ARPANET. It was here that 1969 BBN successfully installed the first packet exchanger, called the interface Message Processor (Interface messages Processors,imp). The Stanford Research Center was selected as the second node, in October 1969, where host to host message exchange was first implemented. Soon thereafter, the University of California, Santa Barbara and the University of Utah were added as nodes, which is what we now call the predecessor of the Internet.

This period of minicomputer was just beginning to appear, Dec company launched the PDP-1, then successively launched the PDP-8, PDP-11 and vax-11/780, and achieved great success. Computer capabilities have been greatly enhanced and used more and more conveniently, unlike in the initial few large machines, people have to be queued for use. Computers have become more populist, but the PC revolution has yet to come.

Initially, the researchers thought that the TCP protocol only works for large systems, because TCP is designed for large systems. However, the research team at MIT David Clark found that workstations can also be interconnected with mainframes. Clark's research, coupled with the explosive development of the personal computer field in the the 1980s and 90, paved the way for the development of the network.

There have been several major changes in the the 1980s. As the number of hosts rarely grows to tens of thousands, the hosts need to be given different names so that people do not have to bother to memorize their digital addresses. This change, and the rapid growth in the number of hosts, has spawned DNS. In addition, ARPANET from using the NCP to using the TCP/IP protocol, which is the standard protocol used by the military. By the the mid 1980s, the internet had been built as a platform to connect different groups of researchers, and other networks were beginning to emerge: NASA had built a span; The DOE has set up mfenet to study magnetic fusion energy, In addition, a csnet was created to carry out computer science research, funded by the National Science Foundation (Foundation).

Tim Berners-lee of the European Centre for Particle Physics (CERN) in 1989 presented a very interesting concept. Instead of simply quoting other people's writings, he thought, would it be better to have practical links? When reading an article, the reader can open other articles that are referenced. Hypertext (hypertext) was quite popular at the time, Berners-lee also used his previous research in document and text processing to invent standard Universal Markup Language (Standard generalized Markup Language, A subset of SGML), called Hypertext Markup Language (hypertext Markup language,html). The beauty of HTML is that it separates the information about the text display from the implementation of the concrete display. Berners-lee not only created a simple protocol called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (hypertext Transfer Protocol,http), but also invented the first web browser, called WorldWideWeb.

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