Analysis of Linux Disk Management and file System Topic III

1. Preface

Immediately following my previous blog for Disk Management operations:

http://zhangfengzhe.blog.51cto.com/8855103/1430531

We have partitioned the disk with the following information:

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdbdisk /dev/sdb: 1073 mb,  1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylindersunits =  Cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   device boot       Start         End       Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1                1            7       56196   83  linux/dev/ sdb2               8           15       64260    83  linux/dev/sdb3              16           25       80325    83  Linux/dev/sdb4               26         130       843412+   5  extended/dev/sdb5               26          32        56196   82  linux swap / solaris/dev/ sdb6              33           39       56196    83  linux/dev/sdb7              40           46       56196   83   Linux/dev/sdb8               47          53        56196   83  linux

From the above information, we can see that we have 3 primary partitions, an extended partition, and 3 logical partitions on the/DEV/SDB drive. So next, we should do a high-level format for the partition, that is, to create a file system for the partition.

2. How do I create a file system?

Note the point:

First, after the partition is created, the file system should be created next to be mounted and used. Second, the file system should not be created on a partition that is already mounted. Thirdly, you should create a specified partition "extended partition should not be used" instead of the entire hard disk.

Actual combat:

A can be created using the MKFS command. The common option for-t specifies the file system type to create. Like Ext2,ext3. "The biggest difference between ext2 vs ext3 is that ext3 is a log-based file system. 】 [Email protected] ~]# mkfs-t EXT2/DEV/SDB1 MKE2FS 1.39 (29-may-2006) Filesystem label= OS Type:linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 14056 inodes, 56196 blocks 2809 Blocks (5.00%) reserved for the Super user First Data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=57671680 7 Block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group Inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961 Writing Inode Tables:done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting Information:done This filesystem'll be automatically checked every mounts or Whichever comes first. Use Tune2fs-c or-i to override. Read the above information: Filesystem label refers to the volume label, said the straightforward point, that is, to give/dev/sdb1 an alias, convenient memory and reference. Block size Specifies the block sizes, which are 1024 bytes, or 1 K. The number of inode and block, from the above can be seen from the approximate ratio of INODE/BLOCK=1/4, that is, each 4 blocks to specify an inode, that is, 4K blocks corresponding to an inode. XXX reserved ... Indicates how much space is reserved for the administrator. This ratio can be adjusted in subsequent adjustments. Block groups, blocks, inodes, superblock these concepts have been involved in my previous blog, here are just a few simple reviews: On disk, there is a block groups, which is for the purpose of convenient Disk Management division of the logical structure. In block group there are Superblock "super block, need to back up, mainly group related information", inodes "inode table/bit map", blocks "data". [Email protected] ~]# mkfs-t EXT3/DEV/SDB2 MKE2FS 1.39 (29-may-2006) Filesystem label= OS Type:linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 16128 inodes, 64260 blocks 3213 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the Super user First Data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=66060288 8 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group Inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345 Writing Inode Tables:done Creating Journal (4096 blocks): Done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting Information:done The red information above indicates that EXT3 is a journal file system. B about MKFS.EXT2 Mkfs.ext3 etc. [Email protected] ~]# ls-l/sbin/mkfs*-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7092 June 2007/sbin/mkfs-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18100 J  Un 2007/sbin/mkfs.cramfs-rwxr-xr-x 3 root root 47288 June 2007/sbin/mkfs.ext2-rwxr-xr-x 3 root root 47288 June 25 2007/sbin/mkfs.ext3-rwxr-xr-x 3 root root 29672 Jan 2007/sbin/mkfs.msdos-rwxr-xr-x 3 root root 29672 Jan 11 2007/ Sbin/mkfs.vfat According to which mkfs the above analysis, in fact, there are: Mkfs.ext2 equal mkfs-t ext2 ... Mkfs.ext3 equal mkfs-t ext3 ... [Email protected] ~]# MKFS.EXT2/DEV/SDB3 ..... [Email protected] ~]# MKFS.EXT3/DEV/SDB5 ..... C Linux provides special command MKE2FS for the Ext type file system, it supports many options, convenient and flexible! Note that without mke3fs this command, the ext3 type of file system can be created for MKE2FS directly using the option-J. [Email protected] ~]# MKE2FS/DEV/SDB6 [Email protected] ~]# mke2fs-j/DEV/SDB7 Common options: -j -L Specify Volume label -B Specify block size -I specify Inode/block ratio -N directly specify the number of Inode -M Specify reserve ratio -e Specifies some additional options to be added later. -F Force creation.

3. Summary

Mkfs Mkfs.ext2 Mkfs.ext3 Mke2fs

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