As a linux O & M engineer, you must master the following tools:

As a linux O & M engineer, you must master the following tools:

For linux systems, you can choose redhat or centos for learning. In particular, centos is the most used in enterprises. Of course there will be other versions, but learners can still learn from these two versions, because these two versions are brothers, there is no difference. If you have time, you can study SUSE. Some companies also like to use SUSE.
The tool is as follows:


1. linux System Basics. Needless to say, this is the foundation of the basic system. If you don't even need to do this, don't do it. For more information, see the linux basics of laruence, at least 60% of the contents of this book need to be mastered, not all of them, but the basic commands must.


2. There are many types of network services and services. Each company uses different services, but basic services must be mastered, such as FTP, DNS, SAMBA, and email, just take a look at the above. LAMP and LNMP must be skilled. I don't mean that light will be built, but that we must be familiar with the equivalent configurations in it, because the most critical part of the company is the WEB server, you must be familiar with nginx and apache, especially nginx. At least some companies still use tomcat, so it is best to learn about it. In fact, you don't have to worry too much about network services. Generally, the company's environment has been set up. Even if there are new servers or you want to correct them, the company will have relevant documents for your reference, it won't make you confused, but at least the relevant configuration must be well-known, and it must be compiled and installed many times. Those modules should be familiar with their functions, especially those modules in PHP.
These two points are only the foundation and necessary conditions. They cannot be said to be tools, but they are the real tools to be mastered.


3. shell scripts and another scripting language, which must be provided by O & M personnel. If you do not understand this, you may not be able to get started. At least you must write some system management scripts, the simplest thing is to write a script to monitor the CPU and memory ratio. This is the most basic thing. Don't think it will be helpful to write those guesses and calculate the number, for learning purposes only, writing system scripts is the most meaningful, and another scripting language is optional. Generally, it is 3 P, namely, python, perl, php, and php, unless you want to do development, I personally suggest learning python is better, and it is difficult to achieve automated O & M. perl is very powerful in text processing. It is enough to learn either of them.


4. sed and awk tools must be mastered. While Mastering these two tools, we must also master regular expressions. This is painful. Regular Expressions are the most difficult expressions to learn, however, the combination of sed and awk is very powerful and useful in processing text content and filtering WEB content. However, it is often used in combination with shell, so we will learn 3rd points by the way.


5. Text processing commands, such as sort, tr, cut, paste, uniq, and tee, must be learned at the same time when combined with 3rd points.


6. Database: mysql is preferred. Don't ask me why I don't want to learn sqlserver and oracle. because mysql is used for linux at most, adding, deleting, modifying, and querying are required, other aspects may not be needed, because the O & M personnel still need to check the most, which optimization and Development Statements won't be used by you.


7. Firewall is hard to learn. Firewall is also a difficult problem. It is easy to say, easy to say, and the most important thing is to understand the rules. If you have learned CCNA, you may be more eager to learn, because iptables also has a NAT table, the principle is the same, and the FILTER table is used the most, it is certainly unqualified if you do not learn it.


8. Monitoring tools are very important. I personally suggest you study these three tools, cacti, nagios, and zibbix. Enterprises should use nagios and zibbix at most. Learn them anyway, but nagios will be a little difficult, because it will involve writing automatic monitoring using scripts, which is difficult in that place.


9. This is very important for clusters and hot standby, and you must understand it. But when you get to the company, you will not be able to get it, because the new users will not touch you, and there are many cluster tools, it is best to learn LVS, this is required, it is best to also learn nginx cluster, reverse proxy, and hot backup, this can be achieved by more tools, for example, if my company develops a hot standby tool by itself, mysql also needs to learn Hot Standby, that is, master-slave replication. This is not easy to tell me, but it is not easy to learn the entire process, it's boring to just follow the instructions.


10. Data Backup: I can't do it without learning it. There are many tools, but at least I need to understand the RAID principle. In particular, the most common 1 + 0 or 0 + 1 for enterprises. I have to do my own experiments, there are many backup tools, such as tar, dump, and rsync. You 'd better know more about them.
Forget it. You can get started with these 10 points, because some technologies are hard to learn, such as some important technologies in apache and nginx, such as system optimization, service optimization, and program optimization, which are hard to learn before getting involved with work, so let's take these 10 points first, it is estimated that you should be familiar with the script for at least three months. It is very difficult for you to learn the script part. I suggest learning the shell first and then learning another script language after work, this will be better.


The above are the tools that linux O & M engineers need to master. In fact, there are still many tools to master, but it is very difficult for you to learn in the learning environment. I will remind you again, the tools mentioned here are equivalent to skills, rather than graphical tools like windows or ubuntu, which are useless. In addition, do not install a graphic interface when learning linux, so that virtual machines do not need to eat too much memory, we do not recommend that you install linux on a real machine,The learning effect cannot be achieved at all.