Basic commands for Linux operating systems 3

Copying and moving files

CP: copy(can have multiple sources, but only one target (directory, cannot make files))

A file to a file

Multiple files to a directory

Copy By default, the directory is not copied.

Copy–r: Replicate directories for recursive replication.

-I.:

-F: forcibly overwrite.

-P: Reserved belong to group, owner.

-P: means to keep the link.

-A:archive(archive replication, often used for backup)

-D: Keep link properties.

-R(R): both are recursively replicated.

cp/etc/{passwd,inittab, Rc.d/rc.sysinit}/tmp/

Symbolic Links: Similar to a shortcut.

MV:move(move a file)

the MV can manipulate the directory directly, or you can manipulate aliases.

Mv–t Target source (Specify target first)

Install: Copies a file, specifying properties. (similar to copy command)

Install–d: (Can create a table of contents)

Install can also create files.

Text Processing:cat , more ,less ,head , tail , cut , sort , Uniq , grep

pipelines and redirects:> < >> <<

users, groups, permissions

Bash and its features

# du

-S

-H

Description What are the general links and differences between the GPL, BSD, and Apache three open source agreements?

1, how to get the latest Linux kernel version number?

www.kernel.org

2. List the Linux distributionsyou know and describe their relationship to the Linux kernel?

Linux:GNU most software (source file) +linux Kernel (source file)

It needs to be compiled to run.

Release version: Fedora , RedHat(CentOS), SUSE(very gorgeous interface, very popular in Europe) , Debian(Ubuntu , Mint ), Gentoo ,LFS(Linux from Scratch)

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1, find the direction, set the target (last night westerly slump tree)

2, adhere to (emaciated end not regret, for Iraq to eliminate people haggard)

3, to achieve the goal (the crowd to find him 1100 degrees, the person is in the light of the dim place)

Three days do not study, Miss * * *.

compiling: Compiling the source code into your the binary process that the CPU executes.

Directory Management: ls, CD, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, tree

file Management: touch, stat, file, RM, CP, MV, Nano,

datetime:date , colock, Hwclock, Cal

To view text:

Cat, TAC, more, less, head, tail, cut, sort, uniq, grep

Cat: (Connect and display)

-N: Displays the line number. (when displayed, the number of each line)

-E: Displays the line terminator for each line.

for Linux systems, the line terminator for a text file is $ ,Windows text, line Terminator, and carriage return.

# TAC : The first line of action, the last behavior of the first row.

Ctrl + C: Terminates the execution of the command.

SHIFT + PAGE UP or PageDown = = Flip screen display.

Split screen display:

More,less

More: Turn backwards. Turning to the last page will automatically exit.

Less:

Less turns the end and does not exit, press Q to exit. (Press the B key to turn forward)

Just want to see the first few lines of the file, or the last few lines.

Head: View the top N rows.

Tail: View the following N rows.

N The default is ten rows.

A blank line is also a row.

Tail-f: Look at the end of the file without exiting, waiting to display the new content appended to this file.

Murphy's Law: The Law of bad things.

Text Processing:

Cut,join(not much used),sed(difficult), awk(report generation command, this command is almost the programming language)

three great weapons:sed,awk,grep.

database: Databases. SQL(Management database, not database by itself)

Relational database:

table: Consists of rows and columns. (a table can have no rows, but cannot have no columns, and the header does not count "rows")

Two-dimensional table.

Cut

-D: Specifies the field delimiter, which by default is a space.

-F: Specifies the field to display.

-F1: Displays the first paragraph.

-f1,3: Shows the first and third paragraphs.

-f1-3: Show first to third paragraph.

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Basic commands for Linux operating systems 3