Basic directory names, nomenclature, and functional provisions for Linux distributions

List of basic directory names and function rules for Linux distributions

Catalog description

/root of the master hierarchy and the root of the entire file system hierarchy

/bin the necessary command binaries that are available in single-user mode, available to all users, such as cat, LS, CP, etc.

/boot loader files, such as kernels, INITRD, etc.

/dev stores the necessary device files, such as/dev/null

/etc stores the host-specific system-level configuration file. In fact, there is a controversy about its name in its own sense. In earlier versions of the UNIX implementation documentation in Bell Labs,/etc was said to be "other (etcetera) directories" because historically, this directory was a repository of files that were not part of other directories (however, the file system directory standard FSH/etc is used to store static configuration files, There should be no binary files here.) This directory name was redefined in different forms after the early documentation was published. Recent explanations include redefinition such as "Editable text configuration" or "extra toolbox"

/etc/opt stores the configuration file/opt/of the new package.

/ETC/SGML store configuration files, such as catalogs, for software that deals with SGML (Translator Note: Standard Universal Markup Language)

/etc/x11x Window System 11 version of the configuration file

/etc/xml configuration files, such as catalogs, for the configuration files of software that process XML (translator Note: Extensible Markup Language)

Home directory, including saved files, personal configuration, etc.

Required library files for binary files in/lib/bin/and/sbin/

/lib< the necessary library files for the number of schema bits > alternate formats. Such directories are optional, but if they exist, there must be a program to use them.

/media a mount point for removable multimedia (such as CD-ROMs). (appearing in FHS-2.3)

/mnt temporarily mounted File system

/opt Optional Application Package

/proc a virtual file system that provides process and kernel information as a file, the mount point of the corresponding process file system (PROCFS) in Linux

/root Root User's home directory

/sbin necessary system-level binaries, such as INIT, IP, Mount

Site-specific data provided by the/SRV system

/tmp temp file (see also/var/tmp). Typically removed after a system restart

/usr two-level storage for users ' read-only data, including (multiple) user primary public files and applications

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/usr/bin unnecessary command binaries (not needed in single-user mode); for all users

/usr/include standard include file

/usr/lib library file for binary files in/usr/bin/and/usr/sbin/

/usr/lib< number of schema bits > alternate format library (optional)

/usr/local level Three levels are used for local data, specifically on that host. Usually there is the next subdirectory, for example, bin/, lib/,share/.

/usr/local/sbin binary files for non-essential systems, such as daemons for different network services

/usr/share schema-Independent (shared) data.

/USR/SRC source code, such as the kernel source file and the header file associated with it

/usr/x11r6x Window System, version number: 11, release version: 6

/var various variable (Variable) files, some files that continue to change as the system routinely operates, such as log files, offline files, and temporary e-mail files

The/var/cache application caches data. These data are generated locally by time-consuming I/O (input/output) or by operations. These applications are capable of regenerating or recovering data. When no data is lost, the cache file can be deleted

/var/lib status information. This information changes continuously as the program runs, such as the database, the metadata of the package system, and so on.

/var/lock lock file. These files are used to track resources that are in use

/var/log log file. Contains various logs.

/var/mail contains the relevant files of the user's mailbox

/var/opt the various data from the add-in will be stored in the/var/opt/.

/var/run stores information about the current system since it was last started, such as the currently logged-in user and the currently running Daemons (daemon).

/var/spool The spool is primarily used to store tasks that will be processed, such as print queues and outgoing mail queues

/var/mail obsolete location for placing user mailbox files

/var/tmp temporary files kept after a reboot

Basic directory names, nomenclature, and functional provisions for Linux distributions