Basic knowledge of Linux distributions and installations _unix Linux

Basic knowledge of Linux distributions
Although Linux is based on its kernel (kernel), the kernel is far from a fully available operating system environment. Here's what we're going to tell you about the basics of Linux distributions. The boot Manager:boot Manager is a program that exists in the hard drive Master boot record (Aster boot records, MBR), which is transferred by the computer's BIOS into execution and completes the startup work. If you install Linux,boot Manager on a machine that already has Windows or other systems installed, you will be allowed to choose which operating system to start. The boot Manager is a general term for such programs, such as System Commander, which is a Third-party boot manager. Typically, Linux includes the boot manager, Lilo (Linux LOader), and Lilo is typically installed in the system with Linux. User interface: At the core, Linux is derived from UNIX, so its basic interface is a DOS-like command line interface. To make Linux easier to use, there are several graphical interfaces for Linux that resemble Windows or Mac OS. such as CDE (Common Desktop Environment), KDE (Kool Desktop Environment), and GNOME (GNU network Object Model Environment). X Window System: Like Windows GDI (Graphics Device Interface), X window is a graphics subsystem that supports a graphical user interface. The most common x server is Xfree86 (www.xfree86.org). When installing, you can choose whether to install the X Window System. Internet services: Linux itself supports TCP/IP and all common Internet protocols, including DNS,HTTP,SMTP,FTP,NNTP, and Ppp/slip. Most Linux distributions have Apache, the most popular open source Web Server, and Linux distributions typically include Web browsers, e-mail client software, news readers, and other Internet applications. File and Print Services: These services enable the system to share file and printer resources with other computers on the network. Typical services include: NFS (Network File System) supports sharing resources with other Unix based systems; Samba enables Linux to act as windows on the networkThe role of NT server; and AppleTalk. Applications: Linux now has application support that cannot be compared to Windows. But most Linux distributions come with a lot of apps, and if you're willing to find them, you can find some useful apps somewhere else. In addition to text editors like crisp and xemacs, you can find some business application kits and image editors like gimp like Adobe Photoshop. Package Manager:package Manager is a tool used to install, reverse install, and upgrade applications on Linux systems. Debian Package Manager and Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) are the most famous Package manager. Development tools: Since Linux is popular with programmers, it's no surprise that there are many development tools in the Linux distribution. These tools include compilers Egcs and GCC, GDB for debugging, development management tools, programming languages, and scripting languages like Python and Tcl. Libraries:linux contains a set of library programs (LIBC). Like Windows DLLs, LIBC contains executable modules for completing functionality in the background or supporting other applications. Most distributions contain many libraries, and common types include GNU Libc (glibc) and Libc5.  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic knowledge of Linux installation
Linux has been developing for a long time, but don't expect its installation to be as easy as upgrading to Windows 981. To make everything normal, you need to do some preparation to enable your system to run multiple operating systems. If you want to learn more, visit the Linux Documentation Project Web site: Http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP. Before you start
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Collect System Information: Although Linux can automatically identify many hardware devices, it is too simple in this regard. In order to complete the installation, you may need to manually enter some information, so the first step is to collect all your hardware information (manufacturer and model) and its configuration information. If you are using Windows 95,98 or NT, the easiest thing to do is to print out the information in Device Manager (Control Panel-> system-> Device Manager)
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Making a Startup disk: The easiest way to install Linux is to start the system from the Linux installation CD, but only the latest computer can boot from the CD (you can see if your computer can be set to boot from the CD in the BIOS setup). Many users still need to boot from a floppy disk. Caldera OpenLinux 1.3 and Redhat 5.2 all have boot disks, but many other distributions require you to use the tools on your Linux CD to make your own startup disks.
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Prepare your hard disk space for Linux: Different Linux distributions require less hard disk space, from 100MB to 500MB or more, because of bundled applications. Linux must be installed in its own unique partition. If you have only one partition and are used by Windows, you need to back up all of your data and create a new partition. You can use some Third-party tools to change the size of an existing partition, such as PowerQuest's PartitionMagic 4.0 or V Communications Partition commander.
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Installation
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Installation mode: Linux has a variety of installation methods, including from the hard disk, network drive, or CD-ROM installation. However, installing from a CD-ROM may be the most convenient. After you start the machine, Linux will try to detect your hardware, if it does not accurately identify your hardware device, you must manually enter the appropriate information. The actual installation step is a step-by-step interaction, similar to installing Windows, although not as graphical as the Windows Installer interface.
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Create and edit partitioned tables: During the installation process, you need to allocate the hard disk space that you have prepared for Linux. In order to accomplish this task, you usually need to use the Linux included Fdisk (unlike the DOS Fdisk), cfdisk, or Redhat disk Druid. You need to create at least two partitions: one is the root partition for Linux kernel, the other is the swap partition, which is used by Linux for virtual memory. Most users will also create a partition to store the application and the user directory.
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Configuring the GUI: Although UNIX experts feel good in the world of command lines, most people still want a graphical interface to make Linux more user-friendly. There are many graphical environments to choose from, but all of these graphics environments require a basic platform--x Server. The most common x server is Xfree86. When installing Linux, choose to install an X Server. When configuring X server, you may need to enter some information about your hardware, such as the mouse, video card, display information, and even the scan interval and refresh frequency of the monitor. Be careful to enter this information, and the wrong settings may damage your hardware.
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The final step: This is where Linux really starts to install. After the installation is complete, the installer will guide you through setting up the system. Because you need to use both Linux and Windows, you must install Lilo, which is a tool that supports multiple booting.
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Running Linux for the first time
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Login: After Linux system startup, ask Log-on ID, you may want to log in as root. If you have Lilo installed, choose which system you want to enter at startup.
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System configuration: After Setup is complete and logged in, you may have to adjust some system settings, such as hostname, reset x server to use your needs, or configure Lilo to properly handle all of your operating systems.