Basic linux commands and basic linux commands

Source: Internet
Author: User

Basic linux commands and basic linux commands

1. Create a directory using mkdir

Mkdir-p create directory in a loop

Touch creates a file

2. ls displays directories or files

Ls-ld = ll view in a long directory

Ls-a (a = all) view all files or directories, including hidden

Ls-F view files by file type

3. Switch directory levels with cd

Cd .. back to the previous directory

4. view the current path file in pwd

5. cat view the File Content

Cat-n: number of lines displayed

Cat> a.txt replaces the content of the original file

Cat> a.txt add new content to the file without changing the original file content

6. Run vi/vim to enter the command (vim is better, because vim reports an error and the color is displayed)

7.> used to overwrite a single line of text

> The append object content does not replace the original content.

8.; delimiter of multiple commands

9./root or path Separator

10. copy an object using cp (copy)

Cp-a copy directory

11. move the music video to paste the mobile file.

Rename Command

12. rm (remove) delete an object

Rm-fr force Delete directory or file

Rmdir Delete directory

13. grep-v exclude the content in the file. One of the grep core commands (the third of the three swordsmen), filtering means filtering by row, which is very important.

14. sed (the second of swordsmanship) takes various contents,

-N cancel default Deletion

-P print (good at row output)

Sed-n 20, 30 p cai.txt

15. awk (boss) is good at column output

16. view the first n rows of the file in the head (the first 10 rows are displayed by default)

The last n rows of the tail display file (the last 10 rows are displayed by default)

Tail-f: view the changes at the end of the file

17. man + command explanation command (-- help can also be used)

18. which + command reporting command Location Path

Find SEARCH Command

Find-type (f d)-name "ddd" search by name

Find-mtime search by Time

19. alias view the alias of the computer

Unalias cancel alias

Alias function: 1) To prevent misoperation, add protection parameters to Dangerous commands to prevent human misoperation 2) to convert complex strings into simple command characters, for example: alias cai = "cd/data/" AND unalias cai

20. | the MPs queue sends the output of the previous command to the latter command for further processing.

21. tree View directory structure (tree shape)

22. Crtl + c terminate the currently running command line

Crtl + d Exit the current user environment

Ctrl + a to the beginning of the command line

Ctrl + e to the end of the command line

23. view history

! + You can run this command for the number of historical rows.

! + The command starting with the letter can be called.

History-c clear all history records

History-d row number to clear a row

24. In vim mode:

Set nu display row number

Dd deletes the current row

Yy copy the current row p and paste it

Row number + gg locate when this row

Shift + g to the end of the file

Gg to the beginning of the line

25. ll/dev/sd * is used to view partitioned hard disks.

26. Run cat/etc/redhat-release to view the installed linux version.

Uname-r view kernel version

Uname-m view system version

Uname-a show all

27. Currently, most linux vendors use 64-bit linux operating systems to maximize system performance.

28. A hard disk can have up to four primary partitions. One of the primary partitions can be replaced by one extended partition, and one hard disk can have only one extended partition, multiple logical partitions can be divided in this extended partition. Because the logical partition is on the primary partition, the number of the logical partition can only start from 5.

29. Names of common external devices in linux:

Floppy Disk:/dev/fdN (N = 0, 1, 2 .....)

Optical Drive (IDE):/dev/cdrom

Optical Drive (SCSI):/dev/scdN

Hard Disk (IDE):/dev/hdx

Hard Disk (SCSI):/dev/hdx

USB flash drive:/dev/sdx/

30. Differences between diff and file content: diff log1.txt log2.txt

31. passwd Change User Password

32. Change vi/etc/selinux/config to Selinux = disabled (disable selinux)

33. Run the chkconfig command to view and set the auto-start software.

34. How to add a service:

1) The Service script must be placed in the/etc/init. d/directory.

2) chkconfig -- add servicename add this service to the chkconfig tool service list

3) chkconfig -- level 35 mysqld on modify the default Service Startup level

35. netstat view the network status lntup or

Netstat-lntup | grep content

36. Creating a soft connection with ln-s

37. shutdown-h now shut down immediately (frequently used in production)

Shutdown-h + 1 minute later shutdown

Poweroff immediately stops the system and power off

Reboot restart

38. chown (change owner) command used to change file or directory permissions

Groupadd Add User Group (useradd cai-g cai_home Add User cai belongs to cai_home user group)

R = 4, w = 2, x = 1

Readable, writable, and executable

38. fdisk-l view disk status

Fdisk/dev/sdb directly partitioning sdb

39. lsof-I: 52113 check port running status

40. view the showmount-e server nfs

Showmount-

View showmount-e NFSIP Client

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