Basic Linux Essentials

################## two file addressing ###########

Absolute path: file in the real location of the system , the file name begins with "/"

relative path: The name of the file relative to the current location of the shorthand , which does not start with/, and the name will automatically add the PWD display value

################ Three file Management #############

# # # # #1 Touch to create a file or modify a file timestamp

Touch file ######## #创建文件

# # # # # #2 mkdir build Directory

mkdir directory ##### #创建目录

-P ##### #上级目录不存在自动建立

# # # # # #3 RM Delete directory or file

Rm-f ##### #强行删除不提示

Rm-r ##### #删除目录

RM-RF|-FR * # # # # #全部删除不提示

# # # # # # #4 vim text Edit file

Vim filename # # # #进入命令模式

Command mode cannot edit file , to edit into insert mode

I # # #进入插入模式

finish editing to exit

ESC # # #退出插入模式; WQ FileName # # #保存退出

Vim filename If the file name does not exist, it will be created automatically

# # # # #5 CD Switch working directory

CD Directory ###### #切换工作目录到指定目录

CD-###### #切换工作目录到之前所在目录

CD ~ ###### #切换到自己的家目录

CD ~username ###### #切换到指定用户的家目录

Cd.. ###### #进入到当前目录的上一级

# # # # #6 LS lists directory or file information

LS # #如果后面没有目标那么默认目标为当前目录

LS Direcory|filename # #列出文件或目录内容

ls-d Direcotry # #列出目录本身

Ls-l Filename|dorectory # #列出文件或目录里面内容的属性

Ls-ld Directory # #列出目录本身属性

Ls-a # #显示目录中的所有内容, including with "." Hidden files at the beginning

Ls-r # #第归显示目录中的内容

# # # #7 CP file copy

CP file File1 file2. Directory # # #把file file1 file2 copied to directory

CP File Test # # # #建立test文件模板为file

Cp-r Directory Direcotry1 # # #复制目录

# # # # #8 MV Move or rename

the MV of the same disk is renamed, and the MV of different disks is the copy-delete process

MV file file1 direcotry # #移动file file1 to Directory

MV exists file does not exist file # #重命名文件

MV Westos/linux. # #把westos中的linux移动到当前目录. Represents the current directory

# # # # # # #9 Gedit # #图文方式编辑

gedit filename

############### four Regular expression ############

* # # #匹配0到任意字符

? # # #匹配单个字符

[[: Alpha:]] # # #匹配单个字母

[[: Lower:]] # # #匹配单个小写字母

[[: Upper:]] # # #匹配单个大写字母

[[:d Igit:] # # # #匹配单个数字

[[: Alnum:]] # # #匹配单个数字或字母

[[:p UNCT:] # # # #匹配单个符号

[[: Space:]] # # #匹配单个空格

{} indicates a nonexistent or existing

{1..9} # # #1-9

{A.. F} # # #a-F

{1,3,5} # # #135

{a,c,e} # # #a c E

{1..3} {A.. C} # # #1a 2a 3a 2a 2b 2c 3a 3b 3c

[] Indicates the existence of the

[A-c] # # #aA BB CC

[A-c] # # #aA或者bB或者c

[1-3] # # #1或者2或者3

[145] # # #1或者4或者5

[^abc]| [!abc]## #除了a并且除了b并且除了c

~ # # #当前用户家目录

~username # # #指定的用户家目录

~+ # # #当前目录

~-# # #当前目录之前所在目录

. # # #当前目录

.. # # #当前目录的上一级

###### Unit 3 #######

############# Mans #####################

Man->>manual ########## #man是手册的缩写

Man Man ######### #查看man命令的帮助

Man passwd ######### #查看passwd命令的帮助

The level of man

1 system commands

2 System interface

3 Function libraries

4 special files, such as devices

5 files

6 games

7 Package for the system

8 System Administration Commands

9 cores

Help for man 5 passwd ######### #查看/etc/passwd file

Man 1 passwd ######### #查看passwd命令的帮助, 1 can omit u

A shortcut to the man page

Up and down keys ######## #向上或向下一行

Pageup|pagedown ######## #向下一个屏幕或者向上一个屏幕

D|u ######## #向下或者向上半个屏幕

G|gg ######### #跳转页面到man最下面或最上面

/keyword ######### #搜索关键字, keywords are highlighted, n is matched, n up

Q ######### #退出帮助页面

########## Unit 4 #########

############### Management input/Output ############

in a Linux system, the correct output number is 1, the error output number is 2

performed in the system with a normal user "Student"

Find/etc-name passwd

because the student user rights issue will have the following output

Find: '/etc/pki/ca/private ': Permission denied # # # #没有进入权力, error

Find: '/etc/pki/rsyslog ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/audit ': Permission denied

/ETC/PASSWD # # #正确输出

Find/etc-name passwd > File # # # # #重定向正确输出

Find/etc-name passwd 2> File # # # # # #重定向错误输出

Find/etc-name passwd &> File # # # # #重定向所有输出

Note : 2>,&> # #清空file

>file

Will overwrite the source file contents

Find/etc-name passwd >> File # # # # #追加正确输出

Find/etc-name passwd 2>> File # # # # # #追加错误输出

Find/etc-name passwd &>> File # # # # #追加所有输出

Note :>> 2>> &>> does not overwrite the contents of the source file, it will characters the corresponding output word to the end of the file.

| The function of a pipe is to change the output of the previous command into the input of the post-pipeline command.

Ls/bin | Wc-l # #统计ls The number of lines that the/bin command outputs

The wrong output in the system is not available through the pipe

use 2>&1 to change the wrong output number from 2 to 1.

Tee copy output to specified location

Date |tee file |wc-l # # #tee命令复制date命令的输出到file中, and count the number of output rows

This article from the "12106768" blog, reproduced please contact the author!

Basic Linux Essentials