Basic Linux Knowledge

1, describe the composition of the computer and its functions.

First, the computer has five major components: CUP (operator, Controller), Memory (memory), input device and output device.

Two, 1, arithmetic: the part that realizes arithmetic operation and logic operation.

2, CONTROLLER: The controller accesses the memory through the address, takes out the instruction and the data from the memory, gives to the arithmetic operation,

The results are then passed to memory and displayed through the output device (monitor, printer).

3, Memory: is used to store data and command parts,

The function is to save (write) in or fetch (read) the information at the specified address.

4. Input device: A device that enters information (Programs, data, sound, text, graphics, images, etc.) into the computer.

Common input devices are: keyboard, mouse, graphics scanner, barcode input and so on.

5, Output equipment: Mainly display, printer and plotter.

2. List Linux distributions by series and describe the connection and difference between different distributions.

1. Debian: One of the three major distribution editions, operates in a community way, without the support of commercial companies

Knopix is a two-time release based on Debian.

Ubuntu is a two-time release based on Debian

Knubuntu is a two-time release based on Ubuntu.

Nubuntu is a two-time release based on Ubuntu.

Mint is a two-time release based on Ubuntu.

2. Slackware: One of the three major major distribution editions,

Slackware is a branch of SLS

There is a famous sub-branch-s.u.s.e in Slackware.

S.U.S.E Enterprise Branch-sles.

S.U.S.E Personal Edition Branch-opensuse.

3. Redhat: One of the three major major distribution editions,

Redhat Personal Edition Branch-fedora Core

Redhat Enterprise Branch-red Hat Enterprise

CentOS is based on the two release of Red Hat Enterprise Edition

Oracle Enterprise is a two-time release based on Red Hat Enterprise Edition

4, Gentoo:gentoo is based on Enoch two times release version

5, ArchLinux: is the Linux upstart

3, describe the philosophy of Linux, and according to their own understanding of its interpretation of the description.

The philosophical Thinking of Linux:

1, all documents: almost all resources are abstracted into the form of documents,

Includes hardware devices, communication interfaces, and so on.

2, consists of a number of functions of a single program: A program can only do one thing, and do a good job,

Combine small programs to complete complex tasks.

3, try to avoid interaction with the user: The goal (easy to automate tasks in a programmatic way)

4. Use a text file to save the configuration information.

4, explain the use of the command on the Linux system format; details Ifconfig, Echo, TTY, STARTX, export,

PWD, history, shutdown, Poweroff, reboot, Hwclock,

The use of the date command, and is elaborated in conjunction with the corresponding example. 650) this.width=650; "Src=" Http://s5.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/85/83/wKioL1em8wzwaNAIAACyzVm8NiQ498.jpg-wh_500x0-wm_3 -wmp_4-s_1987443797.jpg "title=" 1 "alt=" Wkiol1em8wzwanaiaacyzvm8niq498.jpg-wh_50 "/>

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5, how to get the Help information of the command on the Linux system, please detailed list, and describe how the chapters of the man document are divided.

One, the Linux command is divided into internal commands and external commands.

built-in commands: #help command

External command:

(1) command to use Help with a brief format

#COMMAND--help

(2) using the Help Manual (manual)

#man CHAPTER COMMAND

(3) Info COMMAND

get the online documentation for the command

(4) Many applications will bring their own Help documentation:/usr/share/doc/app-version

README: Information related to the program

Install: Installation Help

Changes: Changes in version iterations;

(5) official documents for mainstream distribution

Http://www.redhat.com/doc

(6) Official documentation of the program

"Document" on the official site

(7) Search engine

Google

Second, the User manual (manual), manual compression format of the file, there are chapters of the section. The manual is divided into man1-man8.

Man1: User command; Man2: System call;

MAN3:C library call; Man4: Equipment files and special files;

MAN5: File format: (configuration file format); Man6: Game use help;

Man7: Miscellaneous; MAN8: Management tools and daemons.

Help manual path:/usr/share/man

Syntax format: #man COMMAND

Note: 1, not every command has a manual under all chapters.

2. You can see which chapters the command exists through Whatis.

3, Whatis execution process is the query data,

However, if a new command is required to update the database manually: #makewhatis

6, please list the Linux distribution version of the basic directory name of the law and function provisions

/bin: Basic command Program Files available to all users

/sbin: A tool program for system management use

/boot: Each static file that the bootloader must use: Kernel,initramfs (INITRD), grub, etc.

/dev: Store special files or device files: There are two types of devices: Character devices, block devices;

/etc: The configuration file of the system program can only be static.

/home: The central location of the common family directory, usually the home directory of each ordinary user is the default

Subdirectories with the same name as the user name in this directory:/home/yu

/lib: Provides a shared library for system startup or for applications on the file system (/bin,/sbin, etc.)

and providing kernel modules for the kernel

libc.so.*: Dynamic Link C library:

ld*: Runtime linker and loader;

Modules: The directory used to store internal modules

/lib64:64-bit system-specific path for storing 64-bit shared libraries;

/media: Portable Device mount point: cdrom,floppy, etc.;

/mnt: Temporary mount point for other file systems;

/opt: Installation location of the additional application, optional path;

/tmp: The directory that is used to store temporary files for programs that generate temporary files;

Can be used by the user to perform write operations, with special permissions;

/usr:usr Hierarchy: Read-only data path for global sharing;

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Basic Linux Knowledge