Basic Linux Learning-2

------------------------------------System Structure---------------------------------------------

1.linux system structure is inverted tree type

2.

/bin//binary executable is also a system command

/sbin//System Management Command storage location

/boot partition, responsible for system boot

/dev//Device management files

/etc//most system Management files

HomeDirectory for///general users

/lib//32-bit system library file storage location

/lib64//64-bit system library file storage location

/media//System temporary device mount point

/MNT//System temporary device mount point

/run//System temporary device mount point

/OPT//third-party software installation location

/proc//System Information

/root//Super User home Directory

/srv,/var//System data

/sys//System management, mainly about the kernel

/tmp//System temporary file storage location

/usr//system user-related information data and user-defined software storage location

------------------------------------file path---------------------------------------------

Absolute path

File in the real location of the system, the file name begins with "/"

Relative path

The file relative to the current location of the name of a shorthand, the name does not start with/, and the name will automatically add the value of the PWD display

PWD//display but before the location of the system

CD//Switch position

--------------------------------------ls-------------------------------------------------

Ls

List//list the target file, or list the contents of the directory

-A//list all

-L//list file attributes

-S//list file size

-R//List

-d//Specify the directory itself

--------------------------------------CD-------------------------------------------------

Cd

Chage Directory//Enter the target directory

~//back to current user home directory

~username//Enter into the specified user home directory

.. //Enter the top level of the current directory

-//Enter your previous system directory

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Touch//New file

----------------------------------mkdir--------------------------------------------------

mkdirmake directory//Create directories

-p//first set up directory

--------------------------------Copy-----------------------------------------------------

CP(new process)

CP is copied to the file destination

-R//copy, use and copy directory

----------------------------Mobile---------------------------------------------------------

MV(same area: rename process; The process of new and deleted)

MV is moved file destination

MV Old name new name

MV Test/file. //Move the test/file to the current

-----------------------------Delete--------------------------------------------------------

Rm-f//forcibly deleting files

RM-FR//Force Delete directory

-----------------------------editing--------------------------------------------------------

Vim filename

Press the I key to enter insert mode

Press ESC to browse mode when the file is written

: Wq Save Launch

---------------------------wildcard character (regular expression)------------------------------------------

*//Match 0-any character

？ //Match any single character

~//Match Current user home directory

~user//Match to User's home directory

~+//Current directory

~-//The current directory is located before the

[ABC] //have a or have B or have C

[!ABC] //except for a or B or C

[^ABC] //except for a or B or C

[[: Alpha:]] //single Letter

[[: Lower:]] //single lowercase letter

[[: Upper:]] //Single Capital Letter

[[: Alnum:]] //single letter or number

[[:p UNCT:]] //single symbol, not including numbers, letters, and spaces

[[:d Igit:]] //Digital

[[: Space:]] //Single space

---------------------------------------Man Command-------------------------------------------

Manual//user manual

Man 1 passwd//1 can be omitted, view system commands

Man 5 passwd//5 not province, view system files

Man exit //Press Q

Quick usage of man

/keywords //Search keywords and highlight results

n//#向下匹配高亮结果

N//Up match highlight results

Pagup//scroll up one screen

Pagdown//Scroll down one screen

Up //scroll up one line

Next key //Scroll down one line

D//Scroll down half screen

U//scroll up half screen

G//Go back to the front of man

G//Return to the last face of man

Q//Exit man page

=========================================================================================

Execute under normal user

Find/etc-name passwd

Output

Find: '/etc/pki/ca/private ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/pki/rsyslog ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/audit ': Permission denied

/etc/passwd//correct output

Find: '/ETC/POLKIT-1/RULES.D ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/polkit-1/localauthority ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/dhcp ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/lvm/archive ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/lvm/backup ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/lvm/cache ': Permission denied

Find: '/ETC/GRUB.D ': Permission denied

/ETC/PAM.D/PASSWD//correct output

Find: '/etc/audisp ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/firewalld ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/cups/ssl ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/ipsec.d ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/libvirt ': Permission denied

Find: '/ETC/SUDOERS.D ': Permission denied

Find: '/etc/named ': Permission denied

---------------------------------Management Output------------------------------------------------

Save output

>//coverage

>>//Append

Find/etc-name passwd> file//redirect correct output

Find/etc-name passwd2> file//redirect error output

Find/etc-name passwd&> file//Redirect all outputs

Find/etc-name passwd>> file//Append correct output

Find/etc-name passwd2>> file//Append error Output

Find/etc-name passwd&>> file//Append output

Find/etc-name passwd> file2>&1//Redefine error output to correct

--------------------------------------Pipe Symbol | ------------------------------------------

| //pipeline only allows correct output to be passed, processing the output

|tee//Copy an output

2>&1 | //Conversion error output to correct again by pipeline

eg:find/etc/-name passwd | Wc-l//Find files and Count rows

Exercise: Mark the line number of a passwd and save 8-10 rows to the file

Cat-b/etc/passwd | Head-10 |tail-3 | Tee file

--------------------------------------VIM Usage--------------------------------------------

1. Command mode

Set

Vim/etc/vimrc

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ keyword search ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

/keywords

N Match down

N Up match

2.vim Plug-in mode

I cursor sits at position insert character

I Insert the line at the beginning of the cursor

A next insertion of the character of the cursor

A at the end of the line where the cursor is inserted

o the next line in the row where the cursor is

O The previous line of the row where the cursor is located

s Remove the character insertion of the cursor

S Delete the line where the cursor is inserted

Exit mode of 3.vim

Enter in command mode

: Q# # #退出, can be used when no changes have been made to the file

: q! # # #强制退出

: Wq# # #退出保存

: wq! # # #强制退出保存

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Basic Linux Learning-2