Basic Linux Learning

Chapter NO. 0 Introduction to Computer science

Computer: Receiving the user input instruction and data, after processing the data of the central processor and the logical unit, to produce or store the useful information.

The composition of the computer: the input unit, the output unit, the control unit inside the CPU, the arithmetic logic unit and the memory five parts.

Note: The actual data that the CPU is going to process is completely from memory.

CPU Classification: (actually there are some small instruction sets inside the CPU)

First, streamline instruction set RISC

Mainly by Sun's SPARC series, IBM's power Architecture (including Power PC) series and arm series.

SPARC architecture computers are often used in large workstations in the academic field, including the main servers of the banking financial system;

The Power PC, such as the Sony-produced play station (PS3), is the cell processor used by the PowerPC architecture.

ARM architecture, such as brand-name phones, PDAs, navigation systems, network equipment (switches, routers), etc.

Second, complex instruction set CISC

The common CISC micro-directives are mainly by the CPU of AMD, Intel, via and other x86 architectures

What is the difference between CPUs of different x86 architectures?

In addition to the overall structure of the CPU (such as the second tier cache, the number of instructions that can be executed each time), it is mainly the difference of the micro instruction set.

The most important device interface is the motherboard, the motherboard is responsible for all the devices connected together, the motherboard above the most important component is the motherboard chipset.

Computer classification: Supercomputer, mainframe computer, mini-PC, workstation, microcomputer.

The CPU usually uses a command such as MHz or GHz, which is actually one of the seconds. Because in the network transmission aspect, because the network uses the bit as the unit, therefore the network commonly uses the unit is Mbit/s, namely how many Mbit per second. For example: We often hear the 8m/1m ADSL transmission speed, if you turn into a file capacity of byte, in fact, the theoretical maximum transfer value is: 1mb/s 125kb/s upload/download speed.

The North Bridge is responsible for connecting the CPU, memory, and graphics components that are faster.

The South Bridge is responsible for the slow connection of the peripheral interface, including hard disk, USB, network card and so on.

AMD's memory is directly communicating with the CPU, not through the North Bridge.

AMD integrates the memory control components into the CPU in order to speed up the CPU's data and memory communication.

The main components of Intel's motherboard architecture are CPU, memory, disk equipment (ide/sata), bus chipsets (South Bridge/North Bridge), graphics Interface (pci-express), and other adapter cards (PCI).

A single-core CPU has only one operating unit, and more than two compute cores are embedded in the so-called multicore CPU package.

Frequency: Is the number of times the CPU can work per second.

Note: The computation performance cannot be judged simply by frequency between different CPUs, so the frequency can only be used to compare the speed of the same CPU.

The so-called FSB refers to the CPU and external components for data transmission/operation speed, octave is the CPU used to speed up the performance of a multiple, the two are multiplied by the CPU frequency.

The frequency supported by the North Bridge is called the front-end bus speed (FSB), and the number of bits per transmission is the width.

Then the bandwidth of the bus is "fsb*", that is, the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted per second.

Because the amount of data that the CPU can parse each time is limited, the amount of data transmitted by memory is limited. This also causes 32 of the CPU to support a maximum of up to 4GB of memory.

The main memory component of a personal computer is dynamic random access memory (DRAM), where random access memory is recorded and used only when powered on, and the data disappears when power is lost.

The use of the more extensive is SDRAM and DDR SDRAM two species. DDR is a double data transfer speed that can transmit data two times in a single work cycle.

Basic Linux Learning