Basic Python Learning 04

Module definition:to logically organize python.CodeVariable,Function,Class,Logic,The essence is. pyEnd of PythonFile,Implement a feature
Package Definition:Used to logically organize the module's,The essence is a directory,Must be with __init__.pyFile
Import:Import module_name1, module_name2From Package_nameor module_nameImport *
 From Package_nameor module_nameImport funcAs Func_name
ImportModule Nature:The essence of the import module is to put PythonDocument explained once again
ImportPackage Essence:The essence of the import package is to execute the __init__.py under the packageFile
ImportHour,Can be in __init__.pyIn the file,Import the modules within the package (From.Import module_name),Such,When you import a package,The other modules under the package can be called
Categories of modules:
1)Standard library
2)Open source Module
3)Custom Modules


#Time ModuleTimeAndDatetime
Import time

#From1970-01-01 00:00:00Time stamp to current number of seconds
Print (Time.time ())
#Local time structured time can pass timestamp
Print (Time.localtime ())
#Dormancy
Time.sleep (1)
#Converts a timestamp intoUtcStructured time for Standard Time
Print (Time.gmtime (Time.time ()))
#Convert a structured time into a timestamp
Print (Time.mktime (Time.localtime ()))
#Convert structured time to string
Print (Time.strftime ("%y-%m-%d%h:%m:%s", Time.localtime ()))
#Convert a string into structured time
Print (Time.strptime (' 2016-08-20 14:31:52 ','%y-%m-%d%h:%m:%s '))
#Convert structured time to English string,can receive tuples
Print (Time.asctime ())
#Convert structured time to English string,Time stamp can be received
Print (Time.ctime ())


Import datetime

#Get current time
Print (Datetime.datetime.now ())
#Time Calculation,Cannot be used alone
Print (Datetime.datetime.now () +datetime.timedelta (-3))
Print (Datetime.datetime.now () +datetime.timedelta (hours=-3))


#Random module
Import Random

#Random0-1Floating point number
Print (Random.random ())
#Random1-3Integer
Print (Random.randint (1,3))
#Random0-2Integer
Print (Random.randrange (1,3))
#Randomly taking values in sequence types
Print (Random.choice (' Hello '))
Print (Random.choice ([1,2,3,4]))
#Randomly taking in sequence types2-bit
Print (Random.sample (' Hello ',2))
#Floating point number in random interval
Print (Random.uniform (2,3))
#Randomly disrupt a sequence table
i = [1,2,3,4]
Random.shuffle (i)
Print (i)


OsModule

#Get current directory
Print (OS.GETCWD ())
#Switch directories
Os.chdir ("/Home")
Print (OS.GETCWD ())
#Return to current directory
Print (Os.curdir)
#Return to the top level directory
Print (Os.pardir)
#Recursively create directory Os.makedirs (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__) + "/a/b/c") # Recursive Delete directory if directory is empty, then delete, and recursively to the previous level directory, if also empty, then delete, And so on Os.removedirs (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__) + "/a/b/c") # Create Directory Os.mkdir (Os.path.dirname ( Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/a") # Delete empty directory Os.rmdir (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/A") # Display directory contents print ( Os.listdir (".")) # rename Os.rename (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/A", Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/b") # Get File information print (Os.stat ("b/123")) # Output operating system-specific path delimiter print (OS.SEP) # Output current operating system newline character print (os.linesep) # Output string that separates the file path print ( OS.PATHSEP) # OUTPUT environment variable print (os.environ) # Output current system platform print (OS.NAME) # Execute system command Os.system ("dir") # Gets the absolute path of the current file print ( Os.path.abspath (__file__) # divides path into directory and file name print (Os.path.split (Os.path.dirname (os.path.abspath) + __file__) ") # Returns the directory of Path print (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__) +"/b/123 ")) # returns the file name in the path directory print ( Os.path.basename (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/b/123") # Determine if the path exists print (Os.path.exisTS (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/b/123")) # determines if the absolute path print (Os.path.isabs ("Home")) # Determines whether the file is print ( Os.path.isfile ("b/123") # Combines multiple paths and returns the parameters before the first absolute path will be ignored by print (Os.path.join ('/home ', ' A.txt ')) # Gets the last access time of a file or directory print ( Os.path.getatime (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__))) # Gets the last modified time for a file or directory print (Os.path.getatime ( Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__))) Shutil module http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/4963027.html# Copy the contents of the file to another file, can be part of the content F1 = open (' 123 ', encoding= ' utf-8 ') F2 = open (' 1234 ', ' W ', encoding= ' Utf-8 ') shutil.copyfileobj (F1, F2) # Copy file Shutil.copyfile (' 123 ', ' 1234 ') # Copy only permissions. Content, group, user unchanged Shutil.copymode (' 123 ', ' 1234 ') # Copy status information, including: Mode Bits,atime, Mtime,falgsshutil.copystat (' 123 ', ' 1234 ') # Copy files and Permissions shutil.copy (' 123 ', ' 12345 ') # Copy files and status information Shutil.copy2 (' 123 ', ' 123456 ') # recursively de-copying Files Shutil.copytree (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)), Os.path.dirname (Os.path.dirname ( Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/New module") # Recursively delete directory Shutil.rmtree (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath __)))+"/New module") # Recursive Move file Shutil.copytree (Os.path.dirname (Os.path.abspath (__file__)), Os.path.dirname (Os.path.dirname ( Os.path.abspath (__file__)) + "/New module") # Create a compressed package and return the file path, for example: zip,tar# base_name: The file name of the compressed package, or the path of the compressed package. Just the file name, save to the current directory, Otherwise, save to the specified path, # such as: www + = save to current path # such as:/user/wupeiqi/www + = Save to/user/wupeiqi/www is the package name # Format: Compressed package type, "Zip", "tar", "Bztar", "Gztar" # Root_dir: Folder path to compress (default current directory) # Owner: User, default Current user # Group: groups, default current group # Logger: Used for logging, usually logging. Logger Object # Note: The compression path does not include the path where the program is located, otherwise it will self-compress a layer of shutil.make_archive (' abc ', "Zip", Os.path.dirname (Os.path.dirname ( Os.path.abspath (__file__))) # Shelve module is a simple k,v the internal data through the file persistence module, can persist any pickle can support the Python data format import datetimeimport Shelvewith shelve.open (' shelve_test ') as D:info = {' Age ': "Job": ' it '} name = [' Alex ', ' rain ', ' Test '] d[' name '] = Name d[' Info '] = info d["date"] = Datetime.datetime.now () d = shelve.open (' shelve_test ') print (D.get (name)) Print (D.get (" Info ")) Print (D.get (" date ")) Pyyaml module Http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentationConfigParser module for generating and modifying common configuration documents, The name of the current module is in PythoN3 change to configparser# write file import configparserconfig = Configparser. Configparser () config["DEFAULT"] = {' Serveraliveinterval ': ' A ', ' Compression ': ' Yes ', ' compressionlevel ': ' 9 '}config[ ' bitbucket.org ' = {}config[' bitbucket.org ' [' User '] = ' HG ' config[' topsecret.server.com '] = {}topsecret = config[' Topsecret.server.com ']topsecret[' Host Port '] = ' 50022 ' topsecret[' ForwardX11 '] = ' no ' config[' DEFAULT ' [' ForwardX11 '] = ' Yes ' with open (' Example.ini ', ' W ') as Configfile:config.write (configfile) # Read file Import configparserconfig = Configparser. Configparser () config.read (' Example.ini ') # takes all nodes except default print (Config.sections ()) # to the contents of the default print ( Config.defaults ()) # Fetch node content print (config[' bitbucket.org ' [' User ']) # Delete node config.remove_section (' bitbucket.org ') The Config.write (' Example1.ini ', ' W ') # Hashlib module is used to encrypt related operations, replacing the MD5 module and the SHA module in 3.x, mainly providing sha1,sha224,sha256,sha384, SHA512,MD5 algorithm Import HASHLIBM = HASHLIB.MD5 () m.update (' King cover Tiger '. Encode (encoding= ' utf-8 ')) # Decimal Encryption Print (M.digest ()) # Hex-Encrypted print (M.hexdigest ()) s = hashlib. SHA1 () s.update (b ' Hello ') print (S.digest ()) print (S.hexdigest ()) # comparison Common S1 = hashlib.sha256 () s1.update (b ' Hello ') print (S1.digest ()) print (S1.hexdigest ()) # HMAC for message encryption Import Hmach = Hmac.new (b ' 12345 ', ' King of the Land Tiger '. Encode (encoding= ' utf-8 ')) Print (H.digest ()) print (H.hexdigest ()) Re module '. ' default match any character except \ n, if flag Dotall is specified, matches any character, including the newline ' ^ ' match character beginning, if Flags is specified MULTILINE, this can also be matched on (r "^a", "\nabc\neee", Flags=re. MULTILINE) ' $ ' matches the end of the character, or E.search ("foo$", "BFOO\NSDFSF", Flags=re. MULTILINE). Group () can also ' * ' match the character before the * number 0 or more times, Re.findall ("ab*", "CABB3ABCBBAC") result for [' ABB ', ' ab ', ' a '] ' + ' matches the previous character 1 or more times, Re.findall ("ab+", "Ab+cd+abb+bba") results [' AB ', ' ABB '] '? ' match the previous character 1 or 0 times ' {m} ' matches the previous character m times ' {n,m} ' matches the previous character N to M times, Re.findall ("ab{ 1,3} "," ABB ABC abbcbbb ") Results ' ABB ', ' AB ', ' ABB ' ' | ' match | Left or | The right character, Re.search ("abc| ABC "," ABCBABCCD "). Group () Results ' ABC ' (...) ' Group match, Re.search (" (ABC) {2}a (123|456) C "," abcabca456c "). Group () The result abcabca456c ' \a ' matches only from the beginning of the character, Re.search ("\aabc", "ALEXABC") is not matched to the ' \z ' match character end, the same as $ ' \d ' matches the number 0-9 ' \d ' matches the non-numeric ' \w ' match [a-za-z0- 9] ' \w ' matches non-[A-za-Z0-9] ' \s ' matches whitespace characters, \ t, \ n, \ r, Re.search ("\s+", "Ab\tc1\n3"). Group () result ' \ t ' (? P<name&gt, ...) ' Group Matching Re.search (? P<province>[0-9]{4}) (? P<city>[0-9]{2}) (? P&LT;BIRTHDAY&GT;[0-9]{4}) "," 371481199306143242 "). Groupdict (" city ") result {' Province ': ' 3714 ', ' City ': ' Bayi ', ' birthday ' : ' 1993 '}import reres = Re.match (' ^abc\d+ ', ' abc321jbakk333 ') res = Re.match (' a.+k ', ' abc321jbakk333 ') res = Re.search (' C '). +k ', ' abc321jbakk333 ') res = Re.search (' j[a-za-z]+k ', ' abc321jbaakk333 ') print (Res.group ()) res = Re.findall (' [0-9]{1,3 } ', ' AA1X2K345KKD ') print (res) res = Re.search (' (? p<id>[0-9]+) (? p<name>[a-za-z]+) ', ' [email protected] '). Groupdict () print (res) res = Re.split (' [0-9]+ ', ' Abc12de3f45gh ') Print (res) res = re.sub (' [0-9]+ ', ' | ', ' abc12de3f45gh ', count=2) print (res) res = re.search (' \\\\ ', ' Akdbsk\kdiek ') print ( Res.group ()) # ignores Case res = Re.search (' [a-z]+ ', ' Akdbska ', flags=re. I) Print (Res.group ())

Python Basic Learning