C # network programming Overview (1)

Microsoft's next-generation Internet Development Tool VS. Net was launched nationwide in March. One of the emerging languages C # is accepted and applied by more and more developers.
C # As a language that gathers the expertise of many people, it has great advantages in various aspects, especially network programming. This article will introduce some basic knowledge and methods for network programming with C.

Microsoft's. Net Framework provides two namespaces for network programming: System. Net and System. Net. Sockets. By properly using the classes and methods, we can easily compile various network applications. Such network applications can be based on both stream sockets and datagram sockets. TCP is the most widely used protocol in stream socket-based communication. UDP is the most widely used protocol in datagram socket-based communication.

Next, I will introduce some classes in C # network programming: Dns, IPHostEntry, IPEndPoint, and Socket classes. Finally, I will provide corresponding instances to help readers better understand them.

Dns class:

Provides domain name services to applications that use TCP/IP Internet services. Its Resolve () method queries DNS servers to map user-friendly Domain Names (such as "www.google.com") to digital Internet addresses (such as 192.168.1.1 ). The Resolve () method returns an IPHostEnty instance that contains a list of the addresses and aliases of the requested names. In most cases, you can use the first address returned in the AddressList array.

The function prototype of the Resolve () method is as follows:

Public static IPHostEntry Resolve (string hostName );

The following code obtains an IPAddress instance that contains the serverWww.google.comIP Address:

IPHostEntry ipHostInfo = Dns. Resolve ("www.google.com ");

IPAddress ipAddress = ipHostInfo. AddressList [0];

However, in the Dns class, in addition to the Resolve () method, you can also use the GetHostByAddress () method and GetHostByName () method to obtain the corresponding IPHostEntry instance. The function prototype is as follows:

Public static IPHostEntry GetHostByAddress (string IPAddress );

Public static IPHostEntry GetHostByName (string hostName );

The following code shows how to use the above two methods to obtain the contained ServerWww.google.comIPHostEntry instance:

IPHostEntry hostInfo = Dns. GetHostByAddress ("192.168.1.1 ");

IPHostEntry hostInfo = Dns. GetHostByName ("www.google.com ");

When using the preceding methods, you may need to handle the following exceptions:

SocketException exception: the operating system error occurs when the Socket is accessed.

ArgumentNullException exception: the parameter is null.

ObjectDisposedException exception: the Socket has been closed.

As mentioned above, I briefly introduced some methods and their usage in the Dns class, and listed some possible exceptions, next let's go to the IPHostEntry class closely related to the Dns class.

 

IPHostEntry class:

This type of instance object contains the address information of the Internet host. All public static members of this type are secure for multi-threaded operations, but they are not guaranteed to be thread-safe for any instance members. The main attributes include AddressList, Aliases, and HostName.

The AddressList attribute and the Aliases attribute are used to obtain or set the list of IP addresses associated with the host and the list of Aliases associated with the host. The AddressList attribute value is an array of the IPAddress type, including the IP address resolved to the host name included in the Aliases attribute; the Aliases attribute value is a set of strings that contain the DNS name resolved to the IP address in the AddressList attribute. The HostName attribute is easy to understand. It contains the main host name of the server, which can be understood simply by the name. If the DNS entry of the server defines additional Aliases, you can use these Aliases in the Aliases attribute.

The following code lists the serversWww.google.comAnd the length of the IP address list, and list all IP addresses:

IPHostEntry IPHost = Dns. Resolve ("www.google.com /");

String [] aliases = IPHost. Aliases;

Console. WriteLine (aliases. Length );

IPAddress [] addr = IPHost. AddressList;

Console. WriteLine (addr. Length );

For (int I = 0; I <addr. Length; I ++)

{

Console. WriteLine (addr [I]);

}

After the IPHostEntry class is introduced, we can obtain the IP address and Alias List of the host to be connected. However, an important class-IPEndPoint class is required to connect to the host.