C Language Grammar

SOURCE program 〉-〉< External declarations >|< source programs >< External declarations >
< external declarations >->< defining functions >|< declarations >
< function definition >→< type specifier > < declarator > < compound statement >
< descriptor type >→< no return type > | < character type > | < integral type > | < floating-point >
< declarators > < pointers > < direct declarators > | < direct declarators >
< pointers >→< ' * ' > | < ' * ' pointers >
< direct declarators > < identifiers > | < Direct statement >[]| < Direct declaration ><[constant Expression]> | < identifiers > (parametric tables) | < identifiers > () | < direct declarations >,< identifiers list >
< identifier list >:< identifiers > | < identifier list >,< identifiers >
< constant expressions >→< conditional expressions >
< parameter list >→< parameter declaration > | < parameter list >,< parameter declaration >
< parameter declarations >→< descriptor declarations >< identifiers >

compound_statement→ Compound statement

‘{‘ ‘}‘

| ' {' statement_list '} ' {' Statement list '} '

| ' {' Declaration_list statement_list '} ' {' Declaration statement list '} '

declaration_list→ Declaration List

Declaration

| Declaration_list Declaration Declaration List Declaration

declaration→ statement

Init_declarator Initialization Declaration

| Init_declarator_list ', ' init_declarator

Initialize declaration list ', ' Initialize declaration

init_declarator→ Initialization Declaration

Declarator Initialization Declaration

| declarator ' = ' initializer declaration ' = ' initialization program

initializer→ Initialization Program

Assignment_expression-value Assignment expression

| ' {' initializer_list '} ' {' Initialize list '} '

| ' {' Initializer_list ', '} ' ibid.

initializer_list→ Initialization List

Initializer Initialization program

| Initializer_list ', ' initializer

statement_list→ Statement List

Statement statements

| Statement_list statement

statement→ statements

| Compound_statement Compound statement

| Expression_statement expression Statements

| Selection_statement conditional statements

| Iteration_statement Loop Statements

| Jump_statement Jump Statement

expression_statement→

‘;‘

| expression '; '

expression statement → '; ' | An expression '; '

Selection_statement

: IF ' (' expression ') ' statement

| IF ' (' expression ') ' statement ELSE statement

Conditional statement: IF ' (' expression ') statement | IF ' (' expression ') ' statement conditional statement

iteration_statement→

While ' (' expression ') ' statement

| For ' (' expression_statement expression_statement ') ' statement

| For ' (' expression_statement expression_statement expression ') ' statement

Loop statement →while ' (' expression ') ' statement | For ' (' expression statement expression statement ') ' statement | For ' (' expression statement expression Statement expression ') ' statement

Jump_statement

| CONTINUE '; '

| Break '; '

| RETURN '; '

| RETURN expression '; '

Jump Statement | CONTINUE '; ' | Break '; ' | RETURN '; ' | RETURN expression '; '

Expression

: assignment_expression

| Expression ', ' assignment_expression

Expression: an Assignment expression | Expression ', ' an assignment expression

assignment_expression→

Conditional_expression

| Unary_expression Assignment_operator assignment_expression

assignment expression → conditional expression | Unary expression assignment operator assignment expression

conditional_expression→

Logical_or_expression

| Logical_or_expression '? ' expression ': ' Conditional_expression

conditional expression → logical or expression | Logical OR expression '? ' expression ': ' Conditional expression

logical_or_expression→

Logical_and_expression

| Logical_or_expression Or_op logical_and_expression

Logic or expression → logic and expression | Logical OR expression or arithmetic logical expression

Logical_and_expression

: inclusive_or_expression

| Logical_and_expression And_op inclusive_or_expression

Logic and expression: or expression | Logical expressions and operations or expressions

inclusive_or_expression→

Exclusive_or_expression

| Inclusive_or_expression ' | ' exclusive_or_expression

or op-expression → xor expression | or arithmetic expression ' | ' XOR expression

Exclusive_or_expression

: and_expression

| Exclusive_or_expression ' ^ ' and_expression

Xor expression: with Expression | Xor expression ' ^ ' with an expression

And_expression

: equality_expression

| And_expression ' & ' equality_expression

With expression: Equality expression | Equality expression with expression ' & '

Equality_expression

: relational_expression

| Equality_expression Eq_op relational_expression

| Equality_expression Ne_op relational_expression

Equality expressions: Relational Expressions | Equality expression equals an expression of an operation relationship | An equality expression is not equal to an expression of an operation relationship

Relational_expression

: shift_expression

| Relational_expression ' < ' shift_expression

| Relational_expression ' > ' shift_expression

| Relational_expression Le_op shift_expression

| Relational_expression Ge_op shift_expression

Relational expressions: Shift Expressions | Relationship expression ' < ' shift expression | Relationship expression ' > ' Shift expression | Relational expression is less than or equal to an operation shift expression | Relational expression is greater than or equal to an operation shift expression

Shift_expression

: additive_expression

| Shift_expression Left_op additive_expression

| Shift_expression Right_op additive_expression

Shift expression: addition expression | Shift expression Left arithmetic addition expression | Shift expression Right arithmetic addition expression

Additive_expression

: multiplicative_expression

| Additive_expression ' + ' multiplicative_expression

| Additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression

Addition expression: multiplication expression | Addition expression ' + ' multiplication expression | Addition expression '-' multiplication expression

Multiplicative_expression

: cast_expression

| Multiplicative_expression ' * ' cast_expression

| Multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression

| Multiplicative_expression '% ' cast_expression

Multiplication Expressions: Cast Expressions | Multiplication expression ' * ' casts an expression | Multiplication expression '/' cast expression | Multiply expression '% ' cast expression

Cast_expression

: unary_expression

| ' (' type_name ') ' Cast_expression

Cast expression: unary-expression | ' (' type name ') ' cast expression

Unary_expression

: postfix_expression

| Inc_op unary_expression

| Dec_op unary_expression

| Unary_operator cast_expression

| SIZEOF unary_expression

| SIZEOF ' (' type_name ') '

Unary expression: suffix expression | inc Operation unary Expression | Dec Operation unary Expression | Unary operator adds an expression | unary expressions for struct variables | struct variable ' (' type name ') '

postfix_expression→

: primary_expression

| Postfix_expression ' [' expression '] '

| Postfix_expression ' (') '

| Postfix_expression ' (' argument_expression_list ') '

| Postfix_expression '. ' IDENTIFIER

| Postfix_expression Ptr_op IDENTIFIER

| Postfix_expression Inc_op

| Postfix_expression Dec_op

Postfix expression: basic expression | suffix expression ' [' expression '] ' | Suffix expression ' (') | Suffix expression ' (' parameter expression list ') ' | Suffix expression '. ' identifier | Suffix expression Pointer Operation identifier | Postfix Expression Inc Operations | Suffix Expression Dec operation

primary_expression→

IDENTIFIER

| CONSTANT

| String_literal

| ' (' expression ') '

Basic Expressions → identifiers | Constants | String Constants | ' (' expression ') '

Argument_expression_list

: assignment_expression

| Argument_expression_list ', ' assignment_expression

Parameter expression list: assignment Expression | Parameter expression list ', ' assignment expression

Unary_operator

: ' & '

| ‘*‘

| +

| ‘-‘

| ~

| ‘!‘

Unary operators: ' & ' | ' * ' | ' + ' | '-' | ' ~ ' | ‘!‘

assignment_operator→

=

| Mul_assign

| Div_assign

| Mod_assign

| Add_assign

| Sub_assign

| Left_assign

| Right_assign

| And_assign

| Xor_assign

| Or_assign

Assignment operator → ' = ' | Multiplication Allocation | div Assignment | MoD Assignment | Addition Assignment | Sub Assignment | Left Assignment | Right Assignment | and Distribution | XOR Distribution | or assign

storage_class_specifier→

TYPEDEF

| EXTERN

| STATIC

| AUTO

| REGISTER

Storage class descriptor → definition type | External variables | static | Automatic | Register

Struct_or_union_specifier

: Struct_or_union IDENTIFIER ' {' struct_declaration_list '} '

| Struct_or_union ' {' struct_declaration_list '} '

| Struct_or_union IDENTIFIER

struct or union descriptor: struct or union identifier ' {' struct declaration list '} ' | struct or union ' {' struct declaration list '} ' | struct or Union identifier

Struct_or_union

: STRUCT

| UNION

Structure or union: Structure | Joint

Struct_declaration_list

: struct_declaration

| Struct_declaration_list struct_declaration

struct declaration list: struct declaration | struct declaration list of struct-body declarations

Struct_declaration

: Specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list '; '

specifier_qualifier_list→

Type_specifier specifier_qualifier_list

| Type_specifier

| Type_qualifier specifier_qualifier_list

| Type_qualifier

struct declaration: Descriptor qualifier list structure specifier '; ' Specifiers → type specifier specifier qualifier list | Type descriptor | Type qualifier specifier Qualifier List | Type qualifier

struct_declarator_list→

Struct_declarator

| Struct_declarator_list ', ' struct_declarator

struct descriptor list → Struct declaration | struct Descriptor list ', ' struct declaration

struct_declarator→

: declarator

| ': ' Constant_expression

| Declarator ': ' constant_expression

struct declaration →: declaration | ': ' Constant-expression | Declaration ': ' Constant expression

enum_specifier→

ENUM ' {' enumerator_list '} '

| ENUM IDENTIFIER ' {' enumerator_list '} '

| ENUM IDENTIFIER

Enum declaration → enum ' {' Enumerator list '} ' | Enum identifier ' {' Enumerator list '} ' | Enumeration identifiers

enumerator_list→

Enumerator

| Enumerator_list ', ' enumerator

Enumerator List → Enumerator | Enumerator list ', ' Enumerator

enumerator→

IDENTIFIER

| IDENTIFIER ' = ' constant_expression

Enumerator → identifiers | identifier ' = ' constant expression

type_qualifier→

CONST

| VOLATILE

Type Qualifiers → Constants | Easily lost.

type_qualifier_list→

Type_qualifier

| Type_qualifier_list Type_qualifier

Type qualifier list → type qualifier | Type Qualifier List Type qualifier

parameter_type_list→

Parameter_list

| Parameter_list ', ' ellipsis

parameter type list → parameter list | Parameter list ', ' ellipsis

parameter_list→

: parameter_declaration

| Parameter_list ', ' parameter_declaration

parameter list →: Declaration parameters | Parameter list ', ' declaring parameters

C Language Grammar