C++primer the 17th Chapter

//1. Tuple is useful when we want to combine some data into a single object, but do not want to bother defining a new data structure to represent it. It and its accompanying types and functions are defined in the header file tuple, declared in the namespace Std. TUPLE&LT;T1, T2,....., tn> t;//T is a member of a tuple of N, and the type of member I is ti. All members are initialized with a value. TUPLE&LT;T1, T2,....., tn> t (v1, v2,...., vn);//T is a tuple, the member type is T1 .... Tn, each member is initialized with the corresponding initial value VI. This constructor is explicit. MAKE_TUPLE&LT;V1, v2,...., vn>;//returns a tuple initialized with the given initial value. The type of a tuple is inferred from the type of the initial value. = = = <//for two tuple-directed relational operations, note: When two tuples have the same number of members, you can compare themGet<i> (t);//returns a reference to the I data membertuple_size<tupletype>::value;//a class template, which can be initialized with a tuple type, has a data member named value, type size_t, representing the number of members in a given tuple typeTuple_element<i, typletype>::type;//A class template that can be initialized with a constant and a tuple type, with a member of type representing the type of the specified member in a given tuple type//a common use of a tuple is to return multiple values from a function. //the 2.bitset type is defined in the header file Bitset. Declared in the namespace Std. Bitwise operators can be applied to bitset objects. //Bitset Constructor:Bitset<n> b;//b has n bits, each of which is 0Bitset<n> b (U);//B is a low n-bit copy of the unsigned long Long value, and if n is greater than unsigned long long, then the high of B will be set to 0Bitset<n> B (S, POS, M, Zero, one);//B is a copy of the M character of string s starting from position pos. S can only contain zero and one, if s contains other characters will throw an exception, pos default to 0,m default is String::npos (32-bit program is the largest integer 4 bytes, 64-bit program is 8 bytes maximum integer), zero defaults to ' 0 ', one defaults to ' 1 'Bitset<n> B (CP, POS, M, Zero, one);//similar to the previous constructor, but copies the characters from the character array pointed to by the CP. If M is not supplied, the CP must point to a C-style string. If M is supplied, at least M zero or one character starts at Pos. //Bitset The first bit is the lowest bit, the last one is the highest bitstrings ="101010"; Bitset<6> b (s);//B = [6] (0,1,0,1,0,1) Note: The subscript of string uses rules and Bitset insteadbitset<5> B1 (1);//B1 = [5] (1,0,0,0,0)//operation of Bitset:B.any ()//whether there is a bits in BB.all ()//has all the bits in B been put in place?B.none ()//there's no bits in B?B.count ()//number of positions in BB.size ()//returns the number of bits in BB.test (POS)//returns whether the POS position is placedB.Set(POS, V)//the position POS disposition bit bool value v,v defaults to True, and if the argument is not passed, all positions in BB.Set() B.reset (POS)//resets the bit at position POS and resets all bits in B if no parameters are passedB.reset () b.flip (POS)//change the bit state at POS, and change the bit state of all bits in B if no parameters are passedB.flip () B[pos]//returns a reference to the bit at POS in BB.to_ulong ()//returns a unsigned long or unsigned long long, overflow_over exception occurs if the size of the pending type cannot accept the size represented by BB.to_ullong () b.to_string (zero, one)//returns a String that represents the bit pattern in B. The default value for zero and one is ' 0 ', ' 1 ', which is used to denote 0,1 in B//3. Regular expression regex: Pending study//4. Random number: Defines a random number library in the header file defines a set of collaborative classes: The random number engine class and the random number distribution class. An engine class can generate a sequence of unsigned random numbers, a distribution class that uses an engine class to generate random numbers of a specified type, within a given range, and subject to a particular probability distribution. Default_random_engine e;//The standard library defines many random number engine classes, with differences in performance and random quality. Each compiler chooses one of these as the Defalut_random_engine type. This type generally has the most common features. Auto value = e ();//value = 3499211612//random number engine operation:Engine e;//default constructor: Use the default seed for the engine typeEngine e (s);//use shaped value s as a seedE.seed (s);//Use the seed s to reset the engine's stateE.min ();//The minimum and maximum values that can be generated by this engineE.max ();          Engine::result_type; //The unsigned shaping type generated by this engineE.discard (U);//push the engine U-step, the type of U is unsigned long long Discard[dis card | | d? ' Skɑ?d]n. Abandon//The random number distribution class defines a call operator that takes a random number engine as an argument, and the distribution object uses its engine parameters to generate a random number and map it to the specified distribution:Uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> U (0,9);d efault_random_engine E;auto value= U (e);//value = 8//The combination of a distribution object and an engine object is called a random number generator. Note: For a given generator, each run will return the same numeric sequence. By providing a seed (that is, a numeric value), the engine can use it to restart generating random numbers from a new position in the sequence. //operation of the random number distribution class:Dist D;//The default constructor, so that D is ready for use.D (e);//using the same E to call D consecutively, a sequence of random numbers is generated based on the distributed type of D. E is a random number engine. D.Min ();//returns the minimum and maximum values that can be generated by D (e)D.max ();                   D.reset (); //rebuilds the state of D so that subsequent use of D does not depend on the value that D has generated//each random number distribution class has a default template argument. The distribution type that generates the floating-point number generates a double value by default, and the distribution that generates the shaping value generates an int value by default. //common random number distribution classes:Bernoulli_distribution//non-template, always generates BOOL valueUniform_int_distribution<intt> u (m, n);//evenly distributed, Intt indicates that a reshape is required, but does not include bool and any char type. M is the minimum value returned, n is the maximum value returned, m defaults to 0, and N defaults to the maximum value that the type Intt object can represent. Uniform_int_distribution<realt> u (m, n);//evenly distributed, Realt represents one of the float, double, long double//The remaining random number distribution classes include: Bernoulli distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, sample distribution. 

C++primer the 17th Chapter