Common command articles for Linux basics

First, the basic format of the command

[[Email protected]~]

Root is the user name

~ Indicates the current location

LocalHost host name

' # ' Super User

' $ ' for ordinary users

Basic format of the command:

command [options] [parameters]

Second, the contents of the query directory

Command format:

ls [选项][文件或目录]

Options:

-A All Files

-L View Details

-D View Directory properties

-H Show File size

Third, File Processing command

1. Create a Directory

mkdir -p [目录名]

-P Expression Recursive folder

Example:

mkdir japanmkdir -p japan/cangjk

2. Switch directories

[目录]

Simplified operation:

Cd~ entering the current user directory

cd-Last Directory

CD: Go to the top level directory

PWD see where the current directory is located

3. Deleting a directory

[目录]

Delete all Files

[目录]

Delete directory All files

4. Copying a directory

cp[选项][原文件目录][目标目录]

Options:

-R Copy Directory

-p even copy file attributes together

-A equals-pdr

5. Cut, rename

mv[原文件目录][目标文件目录]

6. Common Directory Role

/root directory

/bin Command Save Directory

/boot Directory

/dev Device File command

/etc configuration File Save Directory

Home Directory

/lib System Library Save command

/MNT System Mount Directory

Third, File Search command

1.locate

[文件名]

To find files in the system database

New file, to perform the updatedb operation before searching

2. Command Search

whereis [选项] [命令名]或者which [选项][命令名]

Options:

-B Find only executable files

-M only find help files

3. File Search

find [搜索范围][选项][条件]

To give an example directly:

find  /  -name install.log  在根目录下查找名为install.log文件

find /root  -inname install.log忽略大小写查找文件

find /var/log -mtime +10其中-mtime 文件修改时间-atime 文件访问时间-ctime 改变文件属性时间+10 10天前10  10天-10 10天内

find /etc -size +20M查找文件大于20M的文件

Iv. Compression and Decompression commands

Common compression formats:. zip,. gz,. bz2,
. tar.gz,. tar.bz2

1.zip format

//压缩文件zip [压缩文件名][原文件]//压缩目录zip -r  [压缩文件名][原文件]

Example:

jp/canglstouch jp/longlszip -r jp.zip jp

#解压：unzip [压缩文件名]

1. GZ format

# 压缩为gz格式，原文件不保留gzip [原文件]#压缩.gz格式，原文件保留gzip -c 原文件 > 压缩文件# 压缩目录：gzip -r  目录

Extract:

[文件]guzip -r [目录]

3.tar

# 打包tar -cvf  打包文件名 原文件# 解压tar -xvf jp.tar

4.tar.gz

#打包tar -zcvf 压缩包名.tar.gz  原文件#解压tar -zxvf  压缩包名.tar.gz

V. Shutdown and restart

shutdown [选项][时间]#选项：-c 取消前一个关机命令-h 关机-r 重启init 6重启init 0关机logout退出登陆

Vi. Viewing user information

wwholastlastlog

Vii. Shell Basics

1. What is a shell
The shell is the command-line interpreter.

2.echo Output command

echo[选项][输出内容]

Options:

-E: Support escaping

3. Create a script

Create hello.sh

Vim hello.sh
Go to edit:

#!/bin/bash# the first programecho "hello world!"

Perform:

chmod 755 hello.sh./hello.sh

Or:

bash hello.sh

Viii. Order of History

history 查看历史命令history [选项][历史保存文件]选项：-c清空历史-w把缓存中的历史写入历史命令保存文件

Ix. output Redirection

命令>文件   以覆盖的方式，把正确的命令输出到指定文件命令>>文件  2> 文件  以覆盖的方式把错误的命令覆盖到指定文件错误命令 2>> 文件  以追击的方式把错误的命令覆盖到指定文件 命令>>文件 2>&1  同时追加正确命令和错误命令到 指定文件命令 >>文件1 2>>文件2 把正确的命令输出到文件1错误的文件2

As an example:

#/bin/bashwhile commanddocurl -d "userid=123343,action=getuserinfo" https://app.testasss.com.cn/ >test.txttime=$(date)cat=$(cat test.txt |cut -d \: -f 3|cut -d \" -f 2)echo "$time $cat" >>test.logsleep 15sdone

Ten, network-related

1.ifconfig View IP

As an example:

ifconfig>> ip.logcat ip.log

2. View network status

[选项]

Options:

-T: List TCP protocol ports
-U: List UPD protocol ports
-N IP Address port number
-L lists the listening status of the
-A All

3. View the Routing list

netstat -rn或者route -n

4. View the network status of a domain name and your computer

 ping www.baodu.com

Xi. VI Editor

The upgraded version of VI is VIM

Operation Mode of 1.vim

mode  命令模式inser tmode  编辑模式lastline mode  底行模式

2. Mode switch
I enter edit mode
ESC enters command line mode

3. Command mode

[文件]         进入文件或者创建文件（文件不存在的情况下）vim + [文件名]   进入文件尾部vim +/[字符串] [文件名]  光标定位到文件第一次出现该字符串的位置

4. Bottom-line mode

:w  保存:q 退出:! 强制:15  定位的第15行/[字符串] 光标位置向后搜索该字符串?[字符串] 光标位置向前搜索该字符串dd 删除光标所在行ctr+f 向下翻页ctr+b 向上翻页

12, common operation shortcut keys

ctr+c  终止当前命令ctr+l 清屏  clearctr+a  光标移到行首ctr+e  光标移到行尾ctr+u  把光标所在位置删除到行首ctr+z  把命令放入后台ctr+r  在历史命令中搜索

13. Other

Common tools:

Vmware  虚拟机centos.iso   centos系统镜像 ,绝大多数服务器是这个系统SecureCRT  copy文件工具

Common command articles for Linux basics