Comparison and improvement of Windows and Linux at the operating system level

Windows Server 2008 is a representative of the new generation of Windows Server technology, providing a solid technical foundation for business workloads. Windows Server 2008 is the most flexible and robust Windows Server operating system to date. It comes with new technologies and features, such as Server Core, PowerShell, Windows Deployment Services, and enhanced network and cluster technologies, therefore, Windows Server 2008 provides the most comprehensive and reliable Windows platform for all work and application requirements. WindowsServer2008 provides a series of new and improved security technologies, with the help of network access protection (NAP), read-only domain controller (RODC), Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) enhanced features, Windows service enhancement, new two-way Windows Firewall, and new-generation encryption support have also enhanced the security of Windows server operating systems. These technologies enhance the protection of operating systems and lay a solid foundation for the operation and development of enterprises, thus making the server environment safer and more stable.

I. Comparison between Windows and Linux AT THE OPERATING SYSTEM level

As we all know, after more than 10 years of development, Linux's desktop applications have never formed a climate. Therefore, when talking about Linux applications, some Linux fans always use Linux applications on the server to prove that Linux is better than windows in terms of stability, high security, and low cost. Is that true? In fact, there are some misunderstandings.

First, the industry believes that Linux is stable on the server side. Because servers are generally enterprise-level applications, system security is crucial for enterprise application systems and business. But one thing we ignore is that enterprise-level applications generally run a single program. For example, some enterprise servers specifically run ERP, and some only run databases, which is determined by the characteristics of Linux. On the contrary, Windows-based servers often run multiple applications through virtualization. Since multiple applications are run, compared with Linux, which only runs a single application, the chances of problems are relatively higher. Therefore, Linux is stable only because the application is relatively simple. In turn, it proves that Windows has powerful functions and many of its features. linux does not have or is not widely used. For example, server virtualization. According to IDC statistics, American enterprises have already wasted tens of billions of dollars on processor resources that are not available at all, but this is not their fault, as a result, a maximum of 85% of CPU resources are often idle due to operating system management issues. The new-generation 64-bit virtualization technology built into Windows Server2008 enables enterprises to take full advantage of virtualization without buying third-party software, helping enterprise customers solve common problems: server integration, business continuity/disaster recovery management, testing and development, and dynamic data centers.

Second, we often mistakenly believe that Linux is highly secure and less vulnerable to external attacks. In fact, there are two problems to note: (1) Linux applications in the server field do not have an absolute advantage, which is much more evident from Windows's external attacks than Linux. (2) Windows Server 2008 is by far the safest operating system for Windows servers. Reinforced operating systems and many innovative security technologies, such as Network Access Protection, Federated Rights Management, and Read-Only Domain Controller, provides unprecedented protection levels for enterprise data.

Third, we usually mistakenly believe that the deployment cost of Linux on enterprise-level servers is lower than that of Microsoft Windows. As we all know, all costs of enterprise-level server systems include hardware, software, and support costs. Although the deployment cost of Linux software is cheaper than that of Windows, it is critical for enterprises to deploy services after deployment, or even exceed the deployment system itself. But in terms of services, Linux is obviously higher than Windows. After calculating the total spending on their Linux and Windows Server systems by 104 companies in North America, IDC concluded that, the maintenance and repair costs required to run the Linux server software to manage the computer network far exceed the benefits of the Free Software, resulting in an increase in costs. It can be seen that the low cost of software procurement in the early stage of Linux masks the cost of its subsequent support services. Therefore, the so-called Linux is also relatively lower than Microsoft's Windows in server applications.

2. Windows Server 2003 has improved compared with the old Operating System Windows /.

I will only list seven points here. I personally think there are many more important aspects.

(1) ServerCore Mode

If you are a Unix and Linux administrator, you may be very familiar with the server system that assumes the DHCP and DNS server roles in the protected environment, has no graphical interface, and only needs one terminal character interface for management, but Windows can do the same. As a Server operating system, Windows Server has always been criticized. As a Server, administrators may not need to install graphics drivers, DirectX, ADO, OLE, and other things. Server Core does not have a graphical user interface. you can install a Windows Server with the specified function to minimize installation without installing unnecessary features ., It is designed for enterprises with multiple servers. Some servers in an enterprise only need to execute specified tasks, or require the minimum number of attacks to the server in an environment with high security requirements.

Main advantages of Server Core

Server Core provides branches with the following key advantages:

• Reduce software maintenance: Server Core is only required for managing Server operations, so fewer software maintenance is required for servers, such as installation updates.

• Reduce attack surface: because fewer files are installed and run on servers, fewer attack surfaces are exposed to the network and the attack surface is reduced accordingly. In addition, if security defects are found in files not installed on the local server, the update is unnecessary. This greatly reduces risks and enhances reliability.

• Reduce management: because fewer files are installed on Server Core-based servers, there is no need to manage and update unnecessary components.

• Less disk space required. Server Core only uses 1 GB of disk space for installation.

In Windows Server 2008, Server Core is installed to provide functions for servers in branches, which reduces security risks and simplifies Remote Server Management.

(2) IIS 7.0

Windows Server 2008 provides a unified platform for Web publishing. It is highly integrated with Internet Information Services 7.0 (IIS7), ASP. NET, Windows Communication Foundation, and Microsoft Windows SharePoint.®Services. IIS7 is a major upgrade to the existing version of IIS Web server, and plays a key role in integrating Web platform technology. The key advantages of IIS7 include more efficient management features, higher security, and lower support costs. The combination of these features creates a unified platform that provides a centralized and highly consistent development and management model for Web solutions.

• Modular Design

IIS 7.0 core Web servers include some basic changes made to IIS 6.0. In earlier versions of IIS, all functions are built-in functions. IIS 7.0 consists of more than 40 independent modules. Only half of the modules are set by default, and the administrator can choose to install or remove any modules. This modular design method allows administrators to install only the options they need, thus reducing the need for management and updates, thus saving time.

There are also some changes in the processing method. Both local code and managed code are processed through the same request pipeline. The new worker processes the Web core and also provides access to all notification events in the request pipeline. High-level integration makes existing ASP. NET functions (such as table authentication or URL authentication) applicable to all types of network content.

These improvements reduce the number of attacks by avoiding unnecessary software operations, improve scalability, and enhance support for extended IIS7.0 core functions by creating Management Code modules.