Configuration files related to the Linux User Management Group (1)

Linux is a commonly used software for computer gamers. Then I will study and study the Linux System in depth. Here I will discuss with you how to use the Linux system, hoping to help you. Linux system learning summary:

1. Linux User Management

A. configuration files related to Linux users and group configuration files a1.Linux system users and groups: passwd, shadow group, and gshadowa2.Linux system user Super permission control Sudo configuration files: /etc/sudoera3.Linux system users add rule files

/Etc/skel default startup file/etc/login. def UID, GID, password expiration limit/etc/default/useradd shell information, and the default startup configuration file to modify the configuration file to add users, you need to use the synchronization command pwconv

B. user and group management commands

User and group query command: id, finger, w, who, uers, groups add user and group: useradd groupadd password management: passwd chage delete user and group: userdel groupdel modify user and group: chfn, chsh, usermod

C. Super permission Control

Su and sudoc1.sudo configuration file/etc/sudoers dedicated tool: visodu sudo-l to view which commands can be executed or disabled. sodu rules have two types: alias definition (similar to variables) 2: Authorization Rules (mandatory) alias rules:

Host_Alias defines the host alias; User_Alias user alias. the alias member can be a user, and the user group must be preceded by the "%" sign.) Runas_Alias is used to define the runas alias, this alias specifies the command alias defined by "target user" Cmnd_Alias;

Authorization Rules: authorize user host = command action authorize user host = [(to which users or user groups are switched)] [whether password verification is required] command 1, [(to which users or user groups)] [Whether password verification is required] [command 2], [(to which users or user groups to switch to)] [whether password verification is required] [command 3] ......

C2.Linux system user software package management basics 1. Linux system user RPM

1. Usage of RPM package management;

Linux users install, delete, upgrade, and manage software. What files are included in the installation and upgrade software packages for online Linux users, indicates the software package in which a file belongs. Whether the software package in the query system is installed and the package version is the RPM package release package signature to verify the release dependency check.

Ii. Linux system user permission

The Root permission is required for installation, deletion, and update. You can query

Iii. Simple usage of rpm:

1) initialize the rpm database;

(2) query function of RPM software package management 1. query parameters of software installed in Linux system users include a, f, l, I, c, d, R.

1) query system installed software
Rpm-q software
Rpm-qa
Rpm-qa | grep software

2) query the software package of an installed file.
Rmp-qf/usr/lib/libacl. la

3) query where all installed software packages are installed
Rpm-ql gaim

4) query the information of an installed software package
Rpm-qi sendmail
Rpm-qi bind

5) Check the configuration file of the installed software.
Rpm-qc bind
Rpm-qc sendmail

6) view the installation location of a document that has installed the software.
Rpm-qd bind
Rpm-qd sendmail

7) Check the software packages and files on which the software is installed.
Rpm-qR bind
Rpm-qR sendmail

2. View uninstalled software packages:

 
 

  
  
rpm -qpi opera.rpm  
  
  
rpm -qpl opera.rpm  
  
  
rpm -qpc opera.rpm  
  
  
rpm -qpd opera.rpm  
  
  
rpm -qpR opera.rpm 
 
 

3) installation, upgrade, and deletion of software packages

1. Install and upgrade an rpm package [root @ localhost beinan] # rpm-vih file. rpm note: this package is used to install a new rpm package;

Parameters:

 
 

  
  
-H -- hash print hash marks as package install( good with-v)
  
  
-V -- verbose provide more detailed output.
  
  
 
  
  
[Root @ localhost beinan] # rpm-Uvh file. rpm note: this is used to upgrade an rpm package.
 
 

Parameters:

 
 

  
  
-U --Upgrade upgrade package(s)  
  
  
 
  
  
[root@localhost beinan]# rpm -ivh file.rpm --nodeps --force   
  
  
[root@localhost beinan]# rpm -Uvh file.rpm --nodeps --force   
  
  
 
  
  
[root@localhost RPMS]# rpm -ivh --replacepkgs  lynx-2.8.5-23.i386.rpm  
  
  
 
  
  
[root@localhost RPMS]# rpm -ivh --test  gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm  
  
  
 
  
  
[root@localhost RPMS]# rpm -Uvh --oldpackage gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm  
  
  
[root@localhost RPMS]# rpm -ivh  --relocate /=/opt/gaim  gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm