Create, manage, and migrate KVM virtual machines in CentOS

Create, manage, and migrate KVM virtual machines in CentOS

Kvm Virtual Machine Management
I. Environment
Role hostname ip OS
Kvm_server target 192.168.32.40/24 rhel6.0 _ x64
Vir_guest1 node4 192.168.32.34/24 rhel5.5 _ i386
Vir_guest2 node5 192.168.32.35/24 rhel5.5 _ i386
Manager 192.168.32.33/24 rhel5.5 _ i386
ESXi 192.168.2.8.0/24 ESXi 3.5
Ii. Security kvm
[Root @ target ~] # Yum install-y qemu-kvm.x86_64 qemu-kvm-tools.x86_64 # install kvm Kernel
[Root @ target ~] # Yum install libvirt. x86_64 libvirt-cim.x86_64 libvirt-client.x86_64 libvirt-java.noarch libvirt-python.x86_64 # install virt management tools
[Root @ target ~] # Modprobe kvm # load the kvm Kernel
[Root @ target ~] # Modprobe kvm-intel # enable kvm-intel kernel for intel cpu loading to support full virtualization. cpu support is required and can be set through bios.
[Root @ target ~] # Modprobe kvm-amd # amd cpu loading kvm-intel

[Root @ target ~] # Modprobe-ls | grep kvm # Check whether the kernel is enabled
Kernel/arch/x86/kvm. ko
Kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
Kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-amd.ko
[Root @ target ~] # Modprobe-ls | grep kvm-intel
Kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko

3. Install the guest Virtual Machine
1. Directly install and manage virtual machines through virt-manager (omitted)

2. Install the guest virtual machine through the command line
[Root @ target ~] # Yum install virt-viewer # To enable the graphical console to install a virtual client,
[Root @ target ~] # Virt-install \ # view the installation options in virt-install -- help
-- Name node4 \ # Virtual Machine name
-- Ram = 1024 \ # size of allocated memory, MB
-- Arch = x86_64 \ # simulated CPU architecture
-- Vcpus = 1 \ # configure the number of Virtual Machine vcpu
-- Check-cpu \ # check whether the vcpu exceeds the number of physical CPUs. If the number exceeds, a warning is issued.
-- OS-type = linux \ # type of the operating system to be installed, such as 'linux ', 'unix', and 'windows'
-- OS-variant = rhel5 \ # operating system version, for example, 'fedora6 ', 'rhel5', 'solaris10', 'win2k'
-- Disk path =/virhost/node7.img, device = disk, bus = virtio, size = 20, sparse = true \ # disk or image file used by the VM, size G
-- Bridge = br0 \ # specify the network and use a transparent bridge
-- Noautoconsole \ # do not enable the console automatically
-- Pxe # network installation

4. Use virsh to manage virtual machines
1. Switch the host
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh start node4 # boot
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh create/etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml # Start the host directly through the host configuration document
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh shutdown node4 # shutdown
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh destroy node4 # force power off
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh list -- all # view the virtual machine status
Id name status
----------------------------------
18 node4 running
-Disable node5
-Disable win8

2. add and delete virtual machines
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh define/etc/libvirt/qemu/node5.xml # Add a virtual machine according to the host configuration document
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh list -- all # node5 has been added
Id name status
----------------------------------
18 node4 running
-Disable node5
-Disable win8

[Root @ target ~] # Virsh undefine node5 # Remove a virtual machine
[Root @ target ~] # Ls/etc/libvirt/qemu
Networks node4.xml win8.xml
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh list -- all # node5 has been removed
Id name status
----------------------------------
18 node4 running
-Disable win8

3. Remote Management of virtual machines (qemu + ssh connection)
[Root @ target ~] # Yum install virt-viewer
[Root @ target ~] # Export DISPLAY = 192.168.40.18: 0.0
[Root @ target ~] # Virt-viewer-c qemu // system node4 # local VM management, system: Get system permissions. Note that qemu is followed by three/
[Root @ manager ~] # Virt-viewer-c qemu + ssh: // root@192.168.32.40/system node4 # remote linux managing virtual machines through virt-viewer + ssh
Xlib: extension "randroid" missing on display "192.168.40.18: 0.0 ".
Root@192.168.32.40's password:
Root@192.168.32.40's password:
# The gtk management interface of virt-viwer is displayed.

4. Use the existing virtual machine configuration document to install a new Virtual Machine
[Root @ target ~] # Qemu-img create-f qcow2/virhost/kvm_node/node6.img 20G
# Producing disk image files for new virtual machines

[Root @ target ~] # Virsh list
Id name status
----------------------------------
18 node4 running

[Root @ target ~] # Virsh dumpxml node4>/etc/libvirt/qemu/node6.xml
# Export the hardware configuration of the Virtual Machine node6 to/etc/libvirt/qemu/node6.xml.

[Root @ target ~] # Vim/etc/libvirt/qemu/node6.xml
<Domain type = 'kvm 'id = '20'> # modify the id number of node6
<Name> node6 </name> # name of the Virtual Machine node6
<Uuid> 4b7e91eb-6521-c2c6-cc64-c1ba72707fc7 </uuid> # the uuid must be modified. Otherwise, it will conflict with node4.
<Memory> 524288 </memory>
<Current memory> 524288 </currentMemory>
<Vcpu> 1 </vcpu>
<OS>
<Type arch = 'x86 _ 64' machine = 'rhel5. 4.0 '> hvm </type>
<Boot dev = 'network'/>
</OS>
<Features>
<Acpi/>
<Apic/>
<Pae/>
</Features>
<Clock offset = 'utc'/>
<On_poweroff> destroy </on_poweroff>
<On_reboot> restart </on_reboot>
<On_crash> restart </on_crash>
<Devices>
<Emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm </emulator>
<Disk type = 'file' device = 'disk'>
<Driver name = 'qemu' type = 'qcow2 'cache = 'none'/>
<Source file = '/virhost/node4.img'/> # specify the hard disk file of the new Virtual Machine
<Target dev = 'vda' bus = 'virtio '/>
</Disk>
<Interface type = 'bridge '>
<Mac address = '54: 52: 00: 69: d5: c7'/>
<Source bridge = 'br0'/>
<Target dev = 'vnet0'/>
<Model type = 'virtio '/>
</Interface>
<Interface type = 'bridge '>
<Mac address = '54: 52: 00: 69: d5: d7'/>
<Source bridge = 'br0'/>
<Target dev = 'vnet1'/>
<Model type = 'virtio '/>
</Interface>
<Serial type = 'PTY'>
<Source path = '/dev/pts/4'/>
<Target port = '0'/>
</Serial>
<Console type = 'PTY' tty = '/dev/pts/4'>
<Source path = '/dev/pts/4'/>
<Target port = '0'/>
</Console>
<Input type = 'mouse 'bus = 'ps2'/>
<Graphics type = 'vnc 'port = '000000' autoport = 'yes' keymap = 'en-us'/>
</Devices>
</Domain>

[Root @ target ~] # Virsh define/etc/libvirt/qemu/node6.xml
# Use the Virtual Description document to create a virtual machine. Use virsh edit node6 to modify the configuration file of node6.

[Root @ target ~] # Virsh start node6
# Starting a virtual machine

5. Enable vnc for virtual machines
[Root @ target ~] # Virsh edit node4 # edit the configuration file of node4. You are not advised to directly modify it through vim node4.xml.
<Graphics type = 'vnc 'port ='-1 'autoport = 'yes' listen = '2017. 0.0.1' keymap = 'en-us'/>
# Port = '-1' autoport = 'yes': port is automatically allocated. listen to the Loop Network (listen = '2017. 0.0.1' is required for virt-manager Management). No Password is required.
Change
<Graphics type = 'vnc 'port = '000000' autoport = 'no' listen = '0. 0.0.0' keymap = 'en-use' passwd = 'xiaoba'/>
# Fixed vnc Management port 5904, not automatically assigned, vnc password xiaobai, listen to all networks

2. Remote vnc access address: 192.168.32.40: 5904

V. storage pool and storage volume Management
1. Create a KVM host storage pool
1) create a storage pool based on folders
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-define-as vmware_pool -- type dir -- target/virhost/vmware
# Define the storage pool vmware_pool
Or
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-create-as -- name vmware_pool -- type dir -- target/virhost/vmware
# Create a storage pool vmware_pool. The type is file directory,/virhost/vmware. The result is the same as that of pool-define-.

2) create a storage pool based on the file system
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-define-as -- name vmware_pool -- type fs -- source-dev/vg_target/LogVol02 -- source-format ext4 -- target/virhost/vmware
Or
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-create-as -- name vmware_pool -- type fs -- source-dev/vg_target/LogVol02 -- source-format ext4 -- target/virhost/vmware

3). view the storage pool information
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-info vmware_pool # view storage domain (pool) Information
Name: vmware_pool
UUID: 2e9ff708-241f-fd7b-3b57-25df273a55db
Status: running
Persistent: no
Automatic Start: no
Capacity: 98.40 GB
Allocated: 18.39 GB
Usable: 80.01 GB
4). Start the storage pool
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-start vmware_pool # start the storage pool
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-list
Name status starts automatically
-----------------------------------------
Default activity yes
Virhost activity yes
Vmware_pool activity no
5) destroy the storage domain and cancel the storage pool
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-destroy vmware_pool # destroy the storage pool
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-list -- all
Name status starts automatically
-----------------------------------------
Default activity yes
Virhost activity yes
Vmware_pool inactive no
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-undefine vmware_pool # cancel storage pool Definition
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh pool-list -- all
Name status starts automatically
-----------------------------------------
Default activity yes
Virhost activity yes

2. After a storage pool is created, you can create a volume which is used as the hard disk of a virtual machine.
[Root @ target virhost] # virsh vol-create-as -- pool vmware_pool -- name node6.img -- capacity 10G -- allocation 1G -- format qcow2
# Create a volume node6.img. The storage pool is vmware_pool. The capacity is 10 GB and the initial allocation is 1 GB. The file format is qcow2.

[Root @ target virhost] # virsh vol-info/virhost/vmware/node6.img # view volume information
Name: node6.img
Type: File
Capacity: 10.00 GB
Allocation: 136.00 KB

3. Install a VM on a storage volume
[Root @ target virhost] # virt-install -- connect qemu: // system \
-N node7 \
-R 512 \
-F/virhost/vmware/node7.img \
-- Vnc \
-- OS-type = linux \
-- OS-variant = rhel6 \
-- Vcpus = 1 \
-- Network bridge = br0 \
-C/mnt/rhel-server-6.0-x86_64-dvd.iso

Vi. Migration of virtual machines (vmware 2 kvm)
1. Install software
[Root @ target ~] # Yum install-y virt-v2v.x86_64
[Root @ target ~] # Rpm-ivh libguestfs-winsupport-1.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm virtio-win-1.2.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
# The libguestfs-winsupport package is required for windows virtual machines to support NTFS file systems and virtio-win packages to support Windows para-virtualized alized storage and network device drivers.

2. Create a KVM Host Storage domain (omitted)
The virt-v2v needs to copy the migrated virtual machine to the pre-defined storage pool of the KVM host during the migration of the virtual machine.

3. Create a network interface for the KVM host (omitted)
After the VM is migrated, it will connect to the KVM host network. Therefore, the host must have a network interface that matches it, such as a bridge.

4. create or modify the $ HOME/. netrc file on the KVM host and add the username and password of the VMware ESXi server.
[Root @ target ~] # Cat ~ /. Netrc
Machine 192.168.2.20.login root password xxxxxx
[Root @ target ~] # Chmod 0600 ~ /. Netrc

5. Migration from Vmware ESXi to KVM
[Root @ target ~] # Virt-v2v-ic esx: // 192.168.2.20 /? No_verify = 1-op virhost-B br0 ipserver
** HEAD https: // 192.168.2.8.0/folder/tserver21/RHEL4.6-flat. vmdk? DcPath = ha-datacenter & dsName = ESX35-bak % 3Astorage1 ==> 401 Unauthorized
** HEAD https: // 192.168.2.8.0/folder/tserver21/RHEL4.6-flat. vmdk? DcPath = ha-datacenter & dsName = ESX35-bak % 3Astorage1 ==> 200 OK
** GET https: // 192.168.2.8.0/folder/tserver21/RHEL4.6-flat. vmdk? DcPath = ha-datacenter & dsName = ESX35-bak % 3Astorage1 ==> 200 OK (2084 s)
Unknown filesystem/dev/hda
Unknown filesystem/dev/fd0
Virt-v2v: Installation failed because the following files referenced in the configuration file are required, but missing: rhel/4/kernel-smp-2.6.9-89.EL.i686.rpm
Virt-v2v: tserver21 for non-virtio driver Configuration

# All options can be specified by the configuration file/etc/virt-v2v.conf
#-Op: Specify the storage pool used for conversion, virhost
#-B: Specify the network as the bridge br0
#-Ic: Specifies the source address to be converted

[Root @ target kvm_node] # virsh list -- all
Id name status
----------------------------------
1 node4 running
-Disable node5
-Disable tserver21
-Disable win8
[Root @ target kvm_node] # virsh start tserver21

6. KVM to KVM migration
[Root @ target kvm_node] # virt-v2v-ic qemu + ssh: // 192.168.32.179/system-op virhost-B br0 node6
Root@192.168.32.179's password:
Root@192.168.32.179's password:
Unknown filesystem label SWAP-vda3.
Virt-v2v: The connected hypervisor does not support a machine type of rhel5.4.0. It will be set to the current default.
Virt-v2v: node6 for virtio driver Configuration

[Root @ target kvm_node] # virsh list -- all
Id name status
----------------------------------
1 node4 running
-Disable node5
-Disable node6
-Disable tserver21
-Disable win8

[Root @ target kvm_node] # virsh start node6