Debian 7.4 installation Configuration

I have been using debian for almost half a year. I used fedora for more than three years. Although the software packages are quite new, they are always unstable. Some software will automatically exit when it is used.

After changing debain, there has been no problem in the past six months. Here we have summarized some installation and configuration methods and will try again later.

 

1. Install the deb package

For me who used yum all the time, I did not actually use yum at the beginning.

dpkg -i package.deb

 

2. install and configure sudo

At the beginning, there was no sudo command, and the user set during debian installation had no sudo permission.

Root ALL = (ALL: ALL) ALLwangyubin ALL = (ALL: ALL) ALL # Add the user

 

3. Set sudo Without Password

 

In the past, fedora used to do not enter the password, so it was also configured In debian.

# User privilege specificationroot ALL = (ALL: ALL) ALL # wangyubin ALL = (ALL: ALL) ALL <-- this is the wangyubin ALL = NOPASSWD that requires a password: ALL <-- the password is not required.

 

4. Add locales that support Chinese Characters

I am used to E-text systems, because most of them use command lines for operations. There are not many graphical interfaces, but E-text is easier to input.

 

5. Install the Sound Card Driver

It's already debian7.4, and I didn't expect that there was no sound by default...

Tar-xjf alsa-driver-1.0.25.3584.gb044d.tar.bz2cd alsa-driver-1.0.25.3584.gb044d./configure -- with-cards = hda-intel -- with-card-options = allmake-j5make installls-al 'locate snd-hda-intel.ko 'alasmixter # adjust volume

Supplement:I have also installed sudo apt-get install esound on the AMD cpu system to adjust the volume.

 

 

Reference: http://blog.csdn.net/wangzhilife/article/details/7881722

Some packages may be missing during installation,

# Encounter configure: error: required curses helper header not foundsudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev # encounter configure: error: panelw library not found. /configure -- with-curses = ncurses #/bin/bash: xmlto: command not found sudo apt-get install xmlto # mv: cannot stat't-ja. GMO': No such file or directory. /configure -- disable-nls

 

6. graphics card driver (ATI graphics card)

 

7. Install fcitx

Used to fcitx.

# fcitxexport GTK_IM_MODULE=ximexport XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"export QT_IM_MODULE=xim

 

Supplement:There is also a configuration method.

Touch/etc/X11/Xsession. d/95 inputvim/etc/X11/Xsession. d/95 input #95 input: export XMODIFIERS = @ im = fcitxexport XIM = fcitxexport XIM_PROGRAM = fcitxexport GTK_IM_MODULE = fcitxexport QT_IM_MODULE = XIMfcitx

 

8. Use fcitx in emacs

After the installation, we found that fcitx could not be called in emacs.

 

9. ssh connection is slow

When the default debian uses ssh to connect to a remote machine, it will always wait for a while before prompting you to enter the password. At first, the system thought the network speed was slow, and later found that the local area network would wait for a while before connecting.

So I found a solution for surfing the Internet:

# Find the Host line and change it to the following format: hosts: files dns [NOTFOUND = return]

 

10. Uninstall ffmpeg and related content

In the project, ffmpeg and debian are used as old ones, so you want to uninstall the built-in ones and then install the new ones.

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg libav-tools libavdevice53 libavfilter2 libopencv-core2.3 libopencv-imgproc2.3 libtbb2

 

11. Set the time zone

sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

 

12. python does not support jpeg and zlib when PIL is installed

Even if the package of zlib and libjpeg is installed

-------------------------------------------------------------------- *** TKINTER support not available (Tcl/Tk 8.4 libraries needed) *** JPEG support not available *** ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support not available *** FREETYPE2 support not available--------------------------------------------------------------------

Change pip install PIL to pip install pillow (the pillow library is also the graph processing library)

 

13. Configure the oracle java environment

This is to develop android.

cd /optsudo tar zxvf ~/tools/jdk-7u51-linux-x64.tar.gzsudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.7.0_51/bin/java 1sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_51/bin/javac 1sudo update-alternatives --set java /opt/jdk1.7.0_51/bin/javasudo update-alternatives --set javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_51/bin/javac

 

14. Configure the android Development Environment On debian with x86_64 Architecture

32-bit environment needs to be configured

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 zlib1g:i386

 

15. Uninstall the 32bit Environment On debian in x86_64 Architecture

sudo apt-get remove --purge `dpkg --get-selections | grep i386 | awk '{print $1}'`sudo dpkg --remove-architecture i386

 

16. Install emacs24

Debian7.4 stable version of the software for stability is relatively old. The default emacs is still v23.

The following method is to install the latest emacs v24 version from the source code.

# Prepare for download, compile the source code environment sudo apt-get install git-coresudo apt-get install libxaw7-dev libxpm-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libgif-dev libjpeg8-dev libgtk2.0-dev libncurses5-devsudo apt-get install autoconf automakesudo apt-get build -dep emacs # download the source code (the following two sources, download it first, and then select a download fast) git clone -- depth 1 https://github.com/emacsmirror/emacs.gitgit clone -- depth 1 git: // git.sv.gnu.org/emacs.git# start compiling cd emacs. /autogen. sh. /configure -- prefix =/opt/emacs24make # install sudo make install

 

17. ssh Authentication Settings for multiple git accounts

1. Put the default private key of ssh in ~ /. Ssh/id_rsa File

2. To generate 2nd accounts, follow these steps:

• -Ssh-keygen-t rsa-C wangyb@chujuexinxi.com
• -Enter the key name. The default name cannot be used, for example, id_rsa_oschina.
• -Ssh-add id_rsa_oschina (temporarily append an ssh key)

3. Configure multiple ssh keys permanently

host chujuexinxi.comuser gituserhostname chujuexinxi.comport 22identityfile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_chujuexinxi_githost gitcafe.comuser githostname gitcafe.comport 22identityfile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_gitcafehost oschina.netuser githostname git.oschina.netport 22identityfile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_oschina

 

18. Tools for converting jpg files to pdf files

sudo apt-get install imagemagickconvert 01.jpg 01.pdf

 

19. automatically stop or start the service

sudo apt-get install sysv-rc-confsudo sysv-rc-conf

 

20. debian fixed IP settings

auto lo eth0iface lo inet loopbackiface eth0 inet staticaddress 192.168.1.77netmask 255.255.255.0  gateway 192.168.1.1

Restart the network after setting the IP address

/etc/init.d/networking restart

 

21. debian 7 install wireshark

Wireshark installed by default can only be executed by the root user; otherwise, * interfaces * cannot be found *

# Install wiresharksudo apt-get install wireshark # create a wireshark group sudo groupadd wireshark # add your username to the wireshark group sudo usermod-a-G wireshark YOUR_USER_NAME # change the group of dumpcap to wiresharksudo chgrp wireshark/usr/bin/dumpcap # change the permissions of dumpcap, let the wireshark members execute this program sudo chmod 750/usr/bin/dumpcap # Use setcap to obtain sudo setcap cap_net_raw, cap_net_admin = eip/usr/bin/dumpcap # verify the change of sudo getcap/usr/bin/dumpcap

 

After the setup is complete, log out of the user and log on again or restart the system.