editing, compressing, archiving, and manipulating Linux files

One, the file content operation (/ETC/PASSWD)

1. Cat View file content is relatively small

2. More can be paginated display

3. Less than more comprehensive

4. Head default display file header 10 line

-N Digital display head n rows

5. Tail Default display end of file 10 lines

-N number shows tail n rows

- F Live View

6. WC Statistics

7. grep outputs the line containing the specified string

- I ignores case

- v take reverse

^root start with root

root$ End With Root

^$ Matching blank lines

- e find multiple keywords, match any of them to output

8. DMESG View boot information

Add:

| The pipeline gives the output of the previous command to the latter command as input

> Write (Erase previous file contents, write new content)

>> Append

# echo XXXXXX As-is in terminal output

Ii. Compression and archiving

1. Gzip

gzip file name compression

gzip-d file name. GZ Uncompressed

2. bzip2

bzip2 file name compression

bzip2-d file name. bz2 Decompression

3. zip

ZIP file name. zip file name compression

Unzip file name. Zip Decompression

- D Specify decompression location

4. Tar Packaging

- C Create a tar package

- Z call gzip

-j Call bzip2

- x unpack the package

- T view

- C Specify decompression location

- F using an archive file

--remove Delete the original file after the package is finished

TAR-ZCF xxx.tar.gz XXX call gzip compression

TAR-JCF xxx.tar.bz2 xxx call bzip2 compression

TAR-ZTF xxx.tar.gz view xxx.tar.gz inside file

TAR-JTF xxx.tar.bz2 view xxx.tar.bz2 inside file

TAR-ZXF xxx.tar.gz decompression xxx.tar.gz

TAR-JXF xxx.tar.bz2 decompression xxx.tar.bz2

Third, use the Vim text editor

1. Three modes

Shell

Command mode

Input mode end-of-line mode

From command mode to input mode:

I insert a null character before the current cursor

o Add a new blank line under the current cursor

From command mode to last line mode:

:

?

/

Return command mode from input mode and last line mode:

ESC key

2. Vim's opening and exiting

(1), vim file If file exists, open file

New file If file does not exist

(2), Flip page

PgUp up a full page of content = Ctrl + b

PgDn down a full page of content = Ctrl + F

(3), in-line jump

^ Move the cursor to the beginning of line character = Home key and number 0

$ to jump the cursor to the line trailing character = End key

(4), the jump between the file line and the row

1g=gg Jump to the first line of the file

G Jump to the end line of the file

#G Jump to the # line of the file (Command mode)

: # Jump to the # line of the file (last line mode)

(5), copy and paste

YY Copies the current cursor in the row

#yy Copy the current cursor down # line

P Paste

Copy in last-line mode: 1,3y copy 1-3 rows

(6), delete operation (in command mode)

X Delete single character at cursor = Del

DD Deletes the cursor in the row

#dd Delete # lines

d^ removed from the cursor to the beginning of the line

d$ Delete from cursor to end of line

(7), string lookup (last-line mode)

/world down Find world

？ World looks up for world

N locates the next matched string

N locates the previous matched string

(8), undo Edit

U Cancel the last operation, can be used multiple times

U Cancel last modification of line all operations

CTRL +r recovery using the u command undo operation

J Merges the current row and the next row

(9), Save and exit (press in the last line mode)

: Q exit

: w Save

: Wq Save exit = ZZ =: X

: X Encryption

: wq! Force Save exit

:! Command to execute outside commands in vim

: Save W file as file

: R file read into file

(10), string substitution (last-line mode)

: S/old/new replaces the first character "old" string found in the current row with "new"

: S/old/new/g replaces all the string "old" found in the current row with "new"

: #, #s/old/new/g Replace all strings "old" with "new" in the line number "#,#" range

:%S/OLD/NEW/GC replaces all strings "old" with "new" and alerts each replacement action within the entire file range

(11), the last line mode basic operation

: Set NU|NONU display/Do not display line numbers

: syntax on|off enable/disable syntax highlighting

: Set Hls|nohls Open/close query result highlighting

: Set Ai|noai enable/disable auto indent

: Set tabstop=4 to set the TAB key width to 4 spaces

(12) Other relevant documents

In the Vim ~/.VIMRC file

. filename.swp the cache file during the editing process

One, the file content operation

1, use the Cat command to view/etc/resolv.conf answer: cat/etc/resolv.conf

2, use the more command to view/ETC/MAIL/SENDMAIL.CF answer: MORE/ETC/MAIL/SENDMAIL.CF

3, use the less command to view/ETC/MAIL/SENDMAIL.CF answer: LESS/ETC/MAIL/SENDMAIL.CF

4, compare cat to less differences and features a: When the cat view file content is small, more and lesser can display the file content, but more page forward inconvenient.

5, view the top 5 lines of/etc/passwd answer: Head-n 5/etc/passwd

6, view/etc/passwd 5 line answer: Tail-n 5/etc/passwd

7, view/etc/passwd's 8–12 line A: head-n 12/etc/passwd |tail-n 8

8, how many accounts in the statistical system A: Wc-l/etc/passwd

9, calculate in/etc directory. Number of conf configuration files A: find/etc/-name "*.conf"-exec-type F | Wc-l

10, display the contents of 127.0.0.1 in/etc/hosts answer: grep "127.0.0.1"/etc/hosts

11, displays the contents of/etc/passwd as root a: grep "^root"/etc/passwd

12, displaying the contents of bash ending in/etc/passwd answer: grep "bash$"/etc/passwd

13, remove the empty lines in the/etc/hosts.allow, show the results of a: Grep-v "^$"/etc/hosts.allow

14. Find information on the ETH interface identified by Linux a: DMESG |grep ETH

15, show the contents of/etc/hosts does not start with the # number a: Grep-v "^#"/etc/hosts

16, calculate the number of users using/bin/bash as the login shell answer: grep "bash$"/etc/passwd

17. Find content in/etc/hosts that contains 127.0.0.1 or localhost answer: grep-e "127.0.0.1|localhost"/etc/hosts

Ii. Compression and archiving

1./root content in an easy-to-read property and long format to redirect the results to/root/gztest.txt inside a: ls-lh >/root/gztest.txt

2, compression and decompression of/root/gztest.txt using gzip and bzip2 and zip, respectively. A: gzip gztest.txt bzip2 Gztest.txt

3, pack/etc/mail and compress to/root/mail.tar.gz answer: Tar-zcf/etc/mail-c/root/mail.tar.gz

4, pack/etc/mail and compress to/root/mail.tar.bz2 answer: Tar-jcf/etc/mail-c/root/mail.tar.bz2

5, extract the mail.tar.gz to/tmp, recursively view the contents under/tmp/etc, then delete the/tmp/etc directory

Answer: TAR-ZXF mail.tar.gz-c/tmp ls-r/TMP/ETC rm-rf/tmp/etc

6, extract the mail.tar.bz2 to/tmp, recursively view the contents under/tmp/etc, then delete the/tmp/etc directory

Answer: TAR-JXF mail.tar.bz2-c/tmp ls-r/TMP/ETC rm-rf/tmp/etc

7, view the contents of mail.tar.gz and mail.tar.bz2 files separately

Answer: TAR-ZXF mail.tar.gz | More TAR-ZXF mail.tar.bz2 | More

Third, the use of vim

1, please create a directory named Vimtest in the/tmp directory A: mkdir-p/tmp/vimtesrt

2, enter vimtest This directory answer: Cd/tmp/vimtest

3, copy the/etc/man.config to the bottom of this directory cp/etc/man.config/tmp/vimtest

4, use Vim to open the Man.config in this directory answer: Vim Man.config

5, set the line number in Vim answer: Last line mode: Set Nu

6, move to line 58th, move to the right 40 characters, what do you see in the double quotation marks in the directory? Answer: Command mode 58g/dir/bin/foo

7, move to the first line, and search down the string ' bzip2 ', may I ask what line he is in? Answer: GG/BZIP2 118 lines

8, I want to change the ' lowercase man string ' between 50 and 100 rows to ' uppercase man string ', and if a selection needs to be modified, how can I place an instruction?  If you keep pressing ' Y ' during the selection process, the result will change a few guys in the last line. A: Last line mode 50,100/s/man/man 23

9, after the modification, suddenly back, to recover all, what are the methods? Answer: Always press U

10, I want to copy the contents of the nine lines (containing Manpath_map) from 65 to 73, and post to the last line

Answer: Command mode 65G 9yy G p

11,21 to 42 lines from the beginning of the # symbol I don't want it, how do I delete it?

Answer: Command mode 21G 23DD

12. Save this file as a Man.test.config file name

Answer: Last line mode: W man.test.config

13, go to line 27th, and delete 15 characters, what is the first word that appears? Answer: o

14, add a row in the first line, the line content input ' I am a student ... ' Answer: Command mode 1G a input I am a student ...

15, store and leave. A: Last line mode: Wq