Eginning Linux-Fedora

Beginning Linux-Fedora

Recently, I have been learning the Fedora version of linux. In terms of desktop applications, linux seems to be moving towards Windows, which is quite obvious only in the simplicity of operations, especially in terms of application installation and deletion, although it is trying to improve, there is still a long way to go.

Fortunately, we can quickly get the latest Fedora version. Thank you for choosing this. When learning a new thing, it is inevitable to take some detours, but no one wants to make a detour. Therefore, the process of searching for valid paths will inevitably hit the wall. So far, I have installed three operating systems, and I have worked hard on my book. Moreover, in the case of dual systems, I am lucky to have one-click system recovery for Windows.

First, it is the installation process. In the current Fedora version, although some confusing E files will still appear during the installation process, I can barely understand it. If it is a dual-system, you should first use PQ8.0 in Windows to allocate enough space for Fedora, which is about 10 to 15 GB. Note that the space to be drawn must be a free partition, that is, it is not formatted. It should not be too difficult. Next, you need to find a DVD of the ora disk and put it into the optical drive. The optical drive starts ....... Go to the installation page. If you are not a professional, you 'd better select the GUI for installation. It is very important to note the differences between the drive and the partition when selecting the installation path. Do not mistakenly select the entire drive, that is, the entire hard disk, this kind of thing is terrible !! The next thing is to do it step by step according to the prompts, and to be patient, even if it seems to be dead, it is best to wait for an hour or so. Of course, if it is fast, forty minutes is enough. After the installation is complete, the CD is automatically displayed. OK. The first step is complete. "Reboot.

After restarting, you can go to the Grub boot interface and select the operating system you just installed (use the up and down arrow keys ). Wait a moment to enter the first login configuration process. It's easy. Remember to select HTTP, FTP, and other requirements when selecting the network protocol. During sound card testing, the volume may be the smallest, that is to say, if you cannot hear the sound, you can try to adjust the volume regulator. Then you can enter your own Fedora world. Do not tell me that you forgot the username and password (@ ^ @) You just entered @).

The following describes the configuration of Fedora7:

1. Do not show the cursor Solution
Add
Section "Device"
Option "HWCursor" "false"
EndSection

2. Load windows partitions:
Su
Mkdir/mnt/sda1
... (And so on)
Gedit/etc/fstab
Join:
/Dev/sda1/mnt/sda1 vfat iocharset = utf8, umask = 0 0 0
.....
The above vfat indicates the fat file format, ntfs uses ntfs
Then mount-.
(Some people like to mount it to/media, so they are used to it)

3. Install the nvidia driver and find solutions for the glx and nvidia modules.
(1) Installation
First download the official driver from www.nvidia.com (select a version suitable for you. Before Gforce2 mx, you can only use 9631. According to the list of hardware supported by the client, gforce 2 and earlier video cards are not supported in Versions later than 9631 ). After installation with the official driver, X cannot be entered, prompting that the glx and nvidia modules cannot be found, so xorg is backed up. conf. backup overwrites xorg. conf into X, search for nvidia in yumex, find the nvidia-x11-drv-96xx after installation, still error.
Later it was found that nvidia installed the module to the wrong location, so the solution was as follows:
Press a in the Fedora menu item at startup, add the single parameter to enter the command line mode, and then execute the following command:
Cd/usr/lib/xorg/
Ln-s ../xorg/lib (note that there is no space in the middle)
Then run the following command in the directory where the nvidia driver is located:
Sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-9631-pkg1.run -- x-prefix =/usr/lib/xorg
After installation, restart and see the nvidia logo again.
If you are x86_64 F7, there are some changes to installing the nvidia Driver (thanks to yeair ):
Cd/usr/lib64/xorg/
Ln-s ../xorg/lib64
Then run the following command in the directory where the nvidia driver is located:
Sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-1.0-9631-pkg1.run -- x-prefix =/usr/lib64/xorg

(2) Disable Nvidia Logo display.
After the system is started, you can run nvidia-settings to configure the video card.
Check whether OpenGL is Enabled:
Glxinfo | grep rendering
Disable Nvidia logo display (run as root ):
Nvidia-xconfig -- no-logo
In this way, the nvidia logo will not be displayed when the system is started.

4. Add and set the YUM source (see http://fedora.linuxsir.org/main? Q = node/132)
(1) Add livna Source:
Go to http://rpm.livna.org/to download the livna-release-7.rpm and install it.
(2) Add freshrpms source (apt and yum supported ):
On the http://www.freshrpms.net page, click here to download the freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rmp and install it.
There are also Aptrpms source (apt supported) and ulyssis source. For the installation method, see the preceding address. Too many sources will affect the yum startup speed and may conflict. livna + freshrpms is generally installed. (if there is still a conflict, we recommend that you only install livna or select the software repository in yumex, you can also block freshrpm in it.
(3) yum configuration file
The yum setting file is/etc/yum. conf. If the network is not smooth, you can modify the timeout parameter in the/etc/yum. conf file to set the timeout time to a little longer.
In yum, you can modify the file to shield the software source:
Modify/etc/yum. repos. d/XXX. repo and change enable = 1 to enable = 0.
Specify or remove the mirror of the software source:
Edit/etc/yum. repos. d/XXX. repo, comment out the rows in the list, and set the baseurl line to point to your desired backup storage, so that you can get a faster speed.
(4) automatically select the fastest Source
The speed of some mirror in yum is very slow. If yum chooses this mirror, yum will be very slow at this time. For this reason, you can download the fastestmirror plug-in, it automatically selects the fastest mirror:
Yum install yum-fastestmirror-y
Fastestmirror configuration file: (generally do not need to be moved)
/Etc/yum/pluginconf. d/fastestmirror. conf
The speed test record file of your yum image:
/Var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt
(5) use the yum
If the yum of the command line is inconvenient, you can use the graphical yumex, which looks more convenient, because you can freely choose the software Repository:
Yum install yumex
Then you can see yum extender in the system tool.
In fact, the system's built-in "Add/delete programs" can also achieve graphical software installation, but some yumex features it does not.
(6) yum Existing lock error Solution
If yum Existing lock/var/run/yum. pid: another copy is running as pid 3380. Aborting occurs when the system is started, you can use the following solution:
You can directly enter/etc/init. d/yum-updatesd stop
You can also rm-f/var/run/yum. pid
The main reason is that yum can be automatically updated as long as it is disabled.

5. Font beautification (For details, refer to the appendix)
In fact, the font of Fedora is already good, which is much better than that of Ubuntu. The following describes how to beautify a windows Font. The final effect is similar to that of winxp (but there is still a difference ).
The simplest method is to download the vera-sans-yuanti font from Linuxfans. After downloading it, decompress it,
Copy the font file to/usr/share/fonts/truetype/
Then fc-cache-fv
Copy the local. conf file in the extracted directory to/usr/fonts/local. conf.
To support gtk-1.2, you also need to do the following:
# Cp gtkrc. zh_CN gtkrc. zh_CN.utf-8/etc/gtk/
Then set the font size in the font (the font should be the original default Sans). I think it is nice to set it to 9, depending on my preferences.
Then press Ctrl + BackSpace to restart X.
Another method is to directly introduce the font in windows. Some settings are required after the introduction. Please search for the network and there are many posts.
Refer:
Http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php? T = 180145 & highlight = % E8 % 8B % B1 % E6 % 96% 87 + % E8 % BE % 93% E5 % 85% A5 + % E5 % 85% A5 % E6 % B3 % 95

6. Configure multimedia
(1) to install a music player, you prefer audacious winamp because you do not like it. Therefore, you can install audacious in yumex.
Audacious
Audacious-plugins
Audacious-plugins-extra (enable audacious to play mp3 and wma)
Audacious-docklet (to minimize audacious to the tray, choose this item after installation)
Other plugin, depending on the need to choose the installation, pay attention to the choice of audacious-plugins-extra, do not select the nonfree-mp3, wma, aac, otherwise it will conflict.
Audacious itself supports reading cue, but to enable audacious to support ape, download the following plug-in:
Http://www.magiclinux.org/people/jiangtao9999/audacious/audacious-mac-0.2.0-2mgc.i686.rpm
(2) install mplayer
Do not like totem (too far behind mplayer and kaffeien), so install mplayer,
Yum install mpalyer *
Download the win32codecs package to support inserting various types of videos. decompress the package and put it in/usr/lib/codecs. If the package is still unavailable, try mkdir/usr/lib/win32, ln-s/usr/lib/codecs/usr/lib/win32
If you like totem, we recommend that you delete totem and install totem-xine.
(3) If it is kde, we recommend that you use amarok + Kaffeine, which is also quite good, but note that when kaffeine reads the win32 decoding package, is/usr/lib/win32.

7. Enable the automatic logon system:
Individual users are too lazy to enter the password at startup. You can set automatic login: System-> Management-> login screen-> Security-> Automatic Login can be set

8. System Optimization: Turn off the Fedora services you don't need.
Turning off services that are useless to you can speed up startup and optimize performance.
See the false time post: http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php? T = 304624

9. Add the user to the sudo group without entering the password
Sometimes we only need to execute a command with the root permission to su to the root, isn't it inconvenient? In this case, we can use sudo instead.
The Default User Created by fedora is not in The sudo group. You need to edit the/etc/sudoers file to add the user. The file can only use the mongodo command. First, you need to switch to the root
Su-(Note that there is-, which is different from su. When the "su" command is used, the system only switches to root, but does not pass the root environment variable, or the currently used environment variable. Use the "su-" command to bring the environment variable together, just like root login)
Then
Mongodo
This is the same as vi usage. As some people may be unfamiliar with vi, let's take a brief look at the steps.
Move the cursor to the last line, press a, and enter the append mode.
Your_user_name ALL = (ALL)
Press Esc, enter w to save the file, and then exit q.
In this way, you can add yourself to the sudo group and use the sudo command.
If you find it troublesome to enter the password during sudo, replace the entered password with the following content:
Your_user_name ALL = (ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
As for security issues, I think this is also acceptable for individual users.

10. Use of browsers and download tools:
(1) opera
If you like opera, you can download the rpm package of operafor fedora from www.opera.com. After installation, you can use it directly, select the installed vera sans yuanti and vera sans yuanti mono as the font. You do not need to set the font as others.
(2) firefox
Like firefox recommendations to download swiftfox, to the http://getswiftfox.com according to their own cpu models download suitable for their own swiftfox, unzip it to use. The SELinux permission problem occurs when I decompress the package. The solution is to change SELinux to allow (permission) IN SYSTEM> Management> SELinux Management, in this way, only warnings are given and its running will not be aborted. If you want to strictly use SELinux, you need to use the chcon command. I have never used it, and I am not familiar with it. It seems complicated.
Recommended firefox extensions: downthemall (ultra-fast download tool), tab mix plux (more convenient for viewing tabs), and mediawrap (allowing you to listen to songs embedded in webpages)
(3) download tool: If firefox is used, downthemall is recommended. If opera is used, Multiget is recommended (only one file is available, and you can double-click it to run it ).

11. Install EVA QQ
Currently, pidgin cannot be logged on, while Eva can. Besides, Eva can transfer files, which is better than other clients.
: Ftp://ftp.fedora.cn/pub/fedora-cn/linux/7/i386/eva-0.4.1-5.fc7.fcn.y0.i386.rpm
Then use the yum localinstall eva-0.4.1-5.fc7.fcn.y0.i386.rpm to install.
I double-click to directly install kdelibs, because kdelibs has been installed on my system before, so you can try the above command for those who have not installed kdelibs.

12. supported common document formats
Pdf:
Install acrobat reader, either official or fedora-cn: ftp://ftp.fedora.cn/pub/fedora-cn/linux/7/i386/acroread-7.0.9-1.fc7.fcn.y1.i386.rpm
You can also install xpdf and kpdf.
Chm:
Chmsee, kchmviewer (kde), and gnochm (gnome)
Mht:
In windows, many users prefer to save webpages in this format. in linux, you can use opera to directly open webpages.

13. install network TV sopcast
Download the following two files:
Ftp://ftp.fedora.cn/pub/fedora-cn/linux/7/i386/sp-sc-1.0.2-1.fc7.fcn.y0.i386.rpm
Ftp://ftp.fedora.cn/pub/fedora-cn/linux/7/i386/gsopcast-0.2.9-1.fc7.fcn.y0.i386.rpm
After installation, gsopcast is added to the Internet menu (note that mplayer is used as the player by default ).
For kde, please download qsopcast
Http://www.sopcast.com/cn/download

14. Install stardict
Yum install stardict
Note that only the stardict program is installed, and no dictionary is installed (mainly because the dictionary of stardict is basically pirated, so the major software sources are not included)
Install the dictionary to: http://stardict.sourceforge.net to download, you can also download and install the tts Engine
If you do not want to install a dictionary, you may want to check it occasionally. I prefer to query words online.

15. Install beryl
(1) Installation
First install the graphics card driver and confirm that the official driver has been installed:
$ Glxinfo | grep rendering
Direct rendering: Yes
Then start Installation
Yum install beryl-gnome or yum install beryl-KDE
Or directly
Yum install beryl (including KDE and gnome)
(2) possible problems:
First, test whether compiz desktop-effects works properly.
Enter desktop-effects in the terminal, click Enable desktop effect in the displayed form, and select cube. If the cube is normal, beryl is generally used.
If the following prompt appears:
Compiz: No sync extension
Modify/etc/X11/xorg. conf as follows:
In the "Device" section: add
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
Option "DisableGLXRootClipping" "True"
In Module section: add
Load "extmod"
If it is ATI, join
Load "dri"
Finally, add the following to the Moudel section:
SubSection "extmod"
Option "omit xfree86-dga"
EndSubSection
I encountered the following problems during the installation, and successfully solved the problem using the above method (if the problem occurs after the beryl is started. The form does not have a border. Check whether emerald is used. If not, modify the format as shown in the preceding figure to solve the problem ).
This is another beryl setting solution, which is roughly the same. I have never tried it:
Modify the/etc/X11/xorg. conf configuration file.
Back up the original configuration file cp xorg. conf xorg. conf. bak, and add the Module section in xorg. conf.
SubSection "extmod"
Option "omit xfree86-dga"
EndSubSection
Add in Device segment
Option "DisableGLXRootClipping" "True"
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "True"
Option "RenderAccel" "True"
Add at the end of the configuration file
Section "Extensions"
Option "Composite" "Enable"
EndSection

If the visual effect of the interface is not ideal after entering, don't worry, it is because the video card driver is not installed or configured properly. Here, we use Fedora7 as an example. (Continue later ......)

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