FAQs and management skills for Linux 2

6. How to set a sound card

I don't need to say, this is a very important job! However, if you have installed Red Hat Linux, this is easy!

Log on to the system as the root user and run/usr/sbin/sndconfig. The image of the sound card type is displayed. Sound Blaster can be selected for sound cards.

After selecting the sound card, SET related resources. Press OK when you use the tab key and arrow key to make the selection. If you hear the voice of Linus (founder of Linux), the sound card is set successfully. Sound card settings for old dos games ......

7. How to set a video card

To set your video card, first, you need to know the model of your video card, what company it is, what type of video card, and how many MB it is stored, you also need to know the type of the display chip of the video card, such as alg2302, sis6326, and savage3d. Then, with the permissions of the Super User, you can run the xconfigurator tool that is user-friendly. Here, X must be written in uppercase. It should not be difficult to choose one step by step, when selecting the clock of your video card chip, you do not need to select it for the test program to automatically check; finally, you need to know the type of your monitor, whether it is VGA or svga, and horizontal and vertical resolution. You can also run xfree86, Which is unfriendly to the interface. If you are proficient in Linux, The xfree86 command can be used to configure X Windows, which is much better than xconfigurator. The most user-friendly interface is the xf86setup tool. If you have installed this tool, use this tool to set your video card.

8. How to set the NIC

9. How to play CD music

After the sound card is set, you can insert a CD in the optical drive, load the disc with the mount command, and then enter the CDP command to play the video. On the screen, you can see the CD audio track list. The 9 on the keypad is playing, the 7 is stopped, the 6 goes to the next audio track, 4 goes back to the previous audio track, 0 exits the playing program, and 2 pops up the CD, 8 is paused.

If it is in X-window, you can use xplaycd to play the CD. This is a graphical player. The buttons and functions are clear at a glance and I will not talk about them here.

10. How to play a VCD

11. dial-up Internet access

12. Can I play games in Linux?

There is a bsd-games-2.1-3.src.rpm package in the CD, use the RPM command to install, and then go to the installation directory to find the game. However, these games are not exquisite. If you want to play well, you need to enter X-window. ACM is an air combat simulation game, and paradise and xpilot are online Combat games, xdemineur is a mine mining game (I didn't expect it), xjewel is a Russian square, xboard is a chess game, xpat2 is a poker game, xboing is a pinball platform game, and doom-the famous first-person shooting game! Some of these games can be directly called out, and some need to be installed using RPM commands. All RPM packages are under the srpms directory on the installation disc. Let's take a look.

10. Use xvidtune to adjust your display
After installing Linux, you will find that a good monitor is used in windows. Sometimes the monitor is dumped when it enters xwindows in Linux. After the display is adjusted, the Windows desktop is also out-of-box after it returns to Windows, every time you start the system back and forth, it is very troublesome to adjust it. here we will introduce a method once and for all.

J. Start X in Linux and execute xvidtune in xterm. The software window will pop up. Click auto and then click left or right to adjust your display to the best position, then click the Show button on the interface to get an output similar to this:
"1152x864" 121.50 1152 1232 1360 1568 864 865 868 + hsync-vsync
Then exit this software and modify your/etc/X11/XF86Config-4 file in
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "as 786 t"
Vendorname "unknown"
Modelname "unknown"
Horizsync 30-87
Vertrefresh 50-160
Option "dpms"
Endsection
In addition to the output, my is:
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "as 786 t"
Vendorname "unknown"
Modelname "unknown"
Horizsync 30-87
Vertrefresh 50-160
Modeline "1152x864" 121.50 1152 1232 1360 1568 864 865 868 + hsync-vsync
Option "dpms"
Endsection
Save and try again

11. Q: My machine is a Windows or Linux system. How can I change the default startup system of grub?

A: You need to modify/boot/GRUB/grub. conf. For example, you will understand. Suppose your/boot/GRUB/grub. conf is like this:

Default = 0
Timeout = 10
Splashimage = (hd0, 7)/GRUB/splash.xpm.gz
Title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14)
Root (hd0, 7)
Kernel/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 Ro root = label =/
Initrd/initrd-2.4.18-14.img
Title DoS
Rootnoverify (hd0, 0)
Chainloader + 1

Then, grub will start the Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14) system by default and change default = 0 to default = 1. Grub will start the DOS system by default. Note: If you want to start the system referred to by the nth title by default, the default value should be equal to n-1.

12. Q: How can I always see garbled characters in my text console?

A: This is because you have installed Chinese support. The solution is to install a zhcon (a multi-Internal code platform that is quickly mounted with CJK (Chinese/Japanese/Korean). I will put it in the attachment for you to download. For more information about zhcon, visit zhcon.gnuchina.org. See this connection http://hepg.sdu.edu.cn/Service/tips/zhcon_manual.html for Installation and Use

Zhcon download connection: http://zhcon.gnuchina.org/download/...on-0.2.1.tar.gz

13. Q: When I install a software, I am prompted that A. So file is missing and the installation cannot continue. What should I do?

A: The. So file is a library file, just like the. dll file in windows. The normal installation and running of a program requires the support of specific library files. So you need to find the package containing this. So. Go to the http://www.rpmfind.net and use the one you lack... to fight the hacker? RPM package

14. When I access a Windows partition, I find that all the Chinese characters in the files and folders in all windows partitions become question marks. What should I do?

A: In the third post, we explained how to access the FAT32 partition of windows in Linux by editing/etc/fstab. Similarly, we can further modify/etc/fstab to display Chinese file names. You just need to change all the default values in/dev/hda1/mnt/C vfat default 0 to iocharset = cp936.

15. Why can't I play MP3 in xmms of rh8.0?

A: This is because RH is afraid of infringement by others. Therefore, xmms support for MP3 is removed from rh8.0. Versions earlier than 8.0 are excellent. It is easy to solve in 8.0, just install a plug-in. I put this plug-in the attachment of this post. The RPM format is compressed by WinRAR.

Attachment: http://www.chinalinuxpub.com/vbbfor...s=&postid=86299

16. Q: How can I use Windows partitions in Linux?

A: Let's talk about background knowledge first. Linux supports many file systems, including windows FAT32 and NTFS. The support for FAT32 is very good and can be used directly, but the support for NTFs is not very good and can only be read, while writing is extremely dangerous, and the support for NTFs is not the default, in other words, if you want to use NTFS, you need to re-compile the kernel. In view of the complexity of re-encoding the kernel for beginners, here we will only explain how to use the FAT32 partition. The following two solutions are provided: 1. when installing the system (Linux) and selecting a mount point for a partition, you can create several mount points, such as/mnt/C,/mnt/d, then select your windows FAT32 partition and mount them to the mount point created earlier. (Note: As mentioned above, you cannot mount an NTFS partition to a mount point here. NTFS is not supported by default .) In this way, you can directly use your windows FAT32 partition after installing the system. For example, if you mount a Windows C drive (/dev/hda1 in Linux) to/mnt/C, then you can find all the data in your drive C in the/mnt/C directory. 2. If you do not mount your FAT32 partition as described in solution 1 when installing the system, you can still easily solve this problem. First, use a text editor (such as VI) to open/etc/fstab and add lines similar to the following at the end of the file
/Dev/hda1/mnt/C vfat default 0 0
Change/dev/hda1 to the device number of the FAT32 partition in Linux and change/mnt/C to the corresponding mount point. Note that the mount point is a directory, which must be created in advance. For example, I have three FAT32 partitions: C, D, and E disks in Windows. The device numbers in Linux are/dev/hda1,/dev/hda5, respectively, /dev/hda6. Then we need to first create three mount points, such as/mnt/C,/mnt/d,/mnt/E, and then add these lines in/etc/fstab:
/Dev/hda1/mnt/C vfat default 0 0
/Dev/hda5/mnt/d vfat default 0 0
/Dev/hda6/mnt/e vfat default 0 0
Save and exit the editor. In this way, after you restart the machine, you can directly use the C, D, and E windows partitions in FAT32 format.

17. Q: After windows is reinstalled on my machine, I directly access windows after it is started. What should I do if the original Linux cannot be reinstalled?

A: This is because of the overhead of windows. After windows is reinstalled, Windows overwrites your MBR and overwrites grub. The solution is simple: Use your first Linux installation disk to boot to the Linx rescue mode (how to enter? You should pay attention to the system prompt information.) execute the following two commands.
Chroot/mnt/sysimage # change your root directory
Grub-install/dev/hda # Install grub to MBR

18. Q: How can I enable the Linux system to access the text interface by default?

A: Modify the/etc/inittab file with a line of ID: 3: initdefault, which means that the system enters runtime Level 3 by default (multi-user text interface) and changes it to ID: 5: initdefault. By default, the system enters the runtime Level 5 (GUI for multiple users ). That's all.

19. How to start multiple X

In previous posts, it is estimated that many people have not read them. post them to review them.
X-Windows in Linux attracts many people who are not interested in Linux with its unique appearance and powerful functions, especially KDE and gnome, it also comes with a lot of great software and the interface is very friendly and suitable for beginners. The following is a tips to start six X at the same time:

In ~ /. Add the following lines to bashrc:

Alias x = startx ---bpp 32-Quiet &

Alias X1 = startx --: 1-bpp 32-Quiet &

Alias X2 = startx --: 2-bpp 32-Quiet &

Alias X3 = startx --: 3-bpp 32-Quiet &

Alias X4 = startx --: 4-bpp 32-Quiet &

Alias X5 = startx --: 5-bpp 32-Quiet &

Among them, 32 is the color depth of the monitor. You should set it according to your actual situation.

Run later

# Bash

After the change takes effect, run X, x1, x2, X3, X4, and X5 to start six X-Windows.

20. Start PostgreSQL with RPM installed
/Etc/init. d/PostgreSQL start
It is not supported to start PostgreSQL's TCP/IP connection, so open the/etc/init. d/PostgreSQL File

Su-l Postgres-S/bin/sh-c "/usr/bin/pg_ctl-d $ pgdata-P/usr/bin/Postmaster Start>/dev/null
2> & 1 "</dev/null

Changed:

Su-l Postgres-S/bin/sh-c "/usr/bin/pg_ctl-o-f-I-w-d $ pgdata-P/usr/bin/ postmaster Start>/dev/null
2> & 1 "</dev/null

In this way, you can start the TCP/IP link of the database.

21. How to save man as a text file

Take man of LS as an Example
Man ls | col-B> ls.txt
Convert info into text. Take make as an example.
Info make-O make.txt-S

22. How to send binary files in text mode

First, check whether the system has uuencode and uudecode.
Rpm-IVH sharutils-x.xx.x-x.rpm
The file to be sent is executed by vpopmail-5.2.1.tar.gz.
Uuencode-M vpopmail-5.2.1.tar.gz vpopmail.tar.gz> encodefile
Note:
Encoding: If the decoded file name is obtained, encodefile is the encoded file name.
After executing the preceding command, you can use the MAIL command to send the encoded file.
Mail chenlf@chinalinuxpub.com <encodefile
Now, I want to receive emails.
Enter the MAIL command on the console:
Mail
Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. type? For help.
"/Var/spool/mail/chenlf": 2 messages 2 new
> N 1 chenlf@ns1.catv.net mon Jun 10 17/363
N 2 root@ns2.catv.net mon Jun 10 16:45 6091/371145
& 2
Message 2:
From root@ns2.catv.net mon Jun 10 16:45:28 2002
Date: Mon, 10 jun 2002 16:44:51 + 0800
From: Root <root@ns2.catv.net>
To: chenlf@chinalinuxpub.com

Begin-base64 644 vpopmai.tar.gz
H4siabr15twaa + w9a2pbnpl7nfwvqnpbwilfpszbir2n9suxe7/oculntdmu
Eiglmuwqffhwt7u // eybgkre2u7ita + 3vndjiqqgg5nbydaydc6h4xdgeh51
Yw7ajdpf/h2fer1vx1lagr/1 + spyq/bxff5sx2mtnbzxmovn5l/q1_zrqfex
Sfrvwwbik8ajewnxl7ifdofxllvp/z/0c1nk/8un/777nuqnen251zrb/+ XF
Pcug8r/zbc0vl9zxopwi/o8von73qex // sp5bwhhxant8auie2irdbizjlfl
7qvjffovpzokkyxfl4yefhvlckhk1w2xg45e1wnenohlisjaiksvsllhf24i
Jqorhkijrdkxyhh5ayca6xcad8dqm4ht7xub/egcsxgbpereyaksrnp3lqvw
Grgoyarbgzpxphjfgssotq0gtw6l9gtgjbixode9eolqdmatmeje/aerydvc
Ray4jjzify7vc3wl2dgjvjixijfwkm6fwkfw1koaiti/egkwc3a6yrp05reb
Aexaqh34goxowavovunoenwryrqjejamgczrpyzeyev6yqouh8oacltltjjd
Rr1yocj2bkpgjop1iuju5a0tyh9xidqwfrcwtdt9pmkvazg4j5jt3pgojc5 +
Sfzswm0lajzvsyhgxqscomloo9dteoaicbcd2qut1ag44bsd + 1 niiezvps
.................
.................
.................
& S 2 encodefile
"Encode" [new file]
& Q
Then perform decoding.
Uudecode encodefile
Ls
Encodefile vpopmai.tar.gz
Tar zxvf vpopmail.tar.gz
OK

23. Convert man page to HTML Format

Use the man2html command to convert man page to HTML format. Usage:

Man2html FILENAME> htmlfile.html

24. How to switch between GNOME and KDE.
If you log on to Linux using a graphical logon method, you can select gnome and KDE by clicking the session (task) on the logon interface. If you log on as a text user, run switchdesk gnome or switchdesk KDE and then startx to enter gnome or KDE.

25..tar,.tar.gz,.bz2,.tar.bz2,.bz,.gz what are the files and how to unbind them?
They are all file (Compressed) packages.
. Tar: Package the file without compression: Tar CVF *. Tar dirname unzips: Tar xvf *. Tar
.Tar.gz: Package and compress the file: Tar czvf * .tar.gz dirname unzips: Tar xzvf * .tar.gz
. Bz2: Unlock: Bzip2-D *. bz2
. BZ: Unlock: bzip-D *. bz
. GZ: Undo: gzip-D *. GZ

Under 26.linux, how can I uncompress A. Zip or. rar file?
There is a graphic interface software file-roeller in rh8 to do this. In addition, unzip *. Zip can be used to unzip the file. unrar *. rar is used to unzip the rarfile. However, unrar is not provided by the system and must be downloaded from the Internet.

27. In Linux, how do I browse. ISO disc image files?
A. Create a directory, such as mkdir.
B. Mount the ISO file to this directory: Mount-o loop XXXX. ISO
Now the content in directory A is in the ISO file.

28. How do I configure the network in Linux?
Use netconfig. "IP Address:" is the IP address to be configured. "netmask:" subnet mask, "Default Gateway (IP):" Gateway, "primary nameserver:" DNS Server IP address.

29. How to Make the mouse support scroll wheel?
When configuring the mouse, select Microsoft's mouse, and correctly select ports such as pS2 and USB.

30. How can I enable the console to support Chinese display?
Install zhcon. Zhcon requires libimm_server.so and libpth. so.13 libraries. Libimm_server.so should be used for common Chinese input methods. Libpth. so.13 from pth-1.3.x. Put the two files under/usr/lib.
31. how to configure grub?
Modify the/boot/GRUB/grub. conf file. Where
"Default = N" (N is a number) is the default item selected in the grub boot menu. N starts from 0. 0 indicates the first item, 1 indicates the second item, and so on.
"Timeout = x" (X is a number) is the timeout time, and the Unit is wonderful. That is, after the boot menu is displayed, if you do not select within x seconds, grub starts the default item.
"Splashimage = xxxxxx", which is the background image of the boot menu. Ignore it first.
The following example describes other common items:
Title Red Hat 8.0
Root (hd1, 6)
Kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 Ro root =/dev/hdb7
Initrd/boot/initrd-2.4.18-14.img
"Red Hat 8.0" is the name displayed in the Startup Menu list.
Root (hdx, Y) is used to specify the location of your boot partition. If you are not divided into Boot partitions (in this example, boot partitions are not divided), you can point to the root partition, hdx is the hard disk of Linux, hd0 is the first hard disk, hd1 is the second disk, and so on. Y is the partition location, starting from 0, that is, it is equal to the partition number minus one. For example, if the partition you want to point to is hdx7, then Y is 6. If it is hdx1, Y is 0. Note that there must be a space behind root.
Kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14, where "/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14" is the path to the kernel you want to use, if you have compiled the core, change it to the path of your new kernel.
Ro does not need to worry about it. There is no mistake in writing it.
Root =/dev/hdxx specifies the root partition. In this example, It is hdb7, so root =/dev/hdb7
The initrd xxxxxxxxxxxxx line does not work either. Currently, I still don't know what it is used.
The above is Linux, and the following is Windows
Title Windows 98
Rootnoverify (hd0, 0)
Chainloader + 1
Title xxxxxxx does not need to be explained.
Rootnoverify (hdx, Y) is used to specify the partition where windows is located. X and Y are the same as above. Note that there are spaces after rootnoverify.
Just copy chainloader + 1 and pay attention to spaces.