4. Routine maintenance of Linux System

The daily maintenance of Linux servers is relatively more stable and secure than that of Windows servers. However, to do this, you must first sharpen your tools. Stable and secure Linux servers are still inseparable from reasonable and timely maintenance. There are many maintenance skills for Linux server systems. I will give you some tips here. 1. Keep the software package updated on the latest version of www.2cto.com Linux server. The software package is also being upgraded as a patch for the Windows operating system. Linux server software upgrade has two main purposes. The first is to enhance the functionality of the software, and the second is to solve some known security vulnerabilities. For example, RedHat will immediately research and develop corresponding solutions after learning about new security vulnerabilities, and then solve the problems in the new software packages. For this reason, the system administrator must promptly understand the latest information about the software package and promptly upgrade the software package to keep the latest version of the software package. So how do System Administrators know the latest software versions and security vulnerabilities? I recommend a RedHat support website. Generally, after receiving a notification about a security vulnerability, RedHat finds a solution in the shortest possible time, publish and connect the latest software package on the Technical Support Platform. Generally, you can find the latest software version on the Linux operating system of more than 90% on this website. Therefore, the system administrator needs to pay attention to this website every day to learn about the latest version and security vulnerability information of the software package. Upgrade the software package as necessary. Ii. Although the number of floppy boot disks is getting fewer and fewer, some large servers, such as IBM servers, still have floppy drives. This is mainly because some complicated problems can be solved through the soft drive sometimes. Therefore, after the Linux server is deployed, it is best to create a boot disk for a floppy disk, which can be used as an emergency when necessary. For example, sometimes the system administrator may encounter some inexplicable problems during the installation process. For example, the installation may be stuck in the middle many times and cannot be successful. This is probably because of image installation problems. In this case, the system administrator needs a modified floppy disk image. Although this situation is rare, it is easy to deploy large servers. In this case, the system administrator should not blindly re-download the installation image or take other time-and labor-consuming actions. You can use a standard installation floppy disk to start the installation. It may be possible to solve the fault during the installation process. Www.2cto.com is because the boot disk Of a floppy disk also plays an important role in Linux server maintenance. For this reason, RedHat also provides many methods to create a boot disk Of a floppy disk. Such as creating a floppy boot disk during installation. The method for creating these boot disks is more common and I will not describe them. Here I want to introduce a method for creating a boot disk for a floppy disk in a Windows environment. This is mainly because most system administrators have a Windows computer at hand. Instead, the Linux operating system is used as a server. While the server is placed in a fixed place, and some are not even equipped with a display, it is troublesome to create a floppy boot disk on the Linux server. Therefore, I will use the Windows client to create a boot disk for a floppy disk. The tool used here only requires the RedHat installation disk. The system administrator first places the Linux installation disk in the optical drive of the Windows client. Open the DOS interface of the Microsoft operating system and go to the directory where the optical drive is located. In the RedHat installation disk, there is a directory named dosutils, in which there is an executable command file called rawrite. This is the file used to create the boot disk. Run this command after preparing the floppy disk. Then, this command requires you to enter the complete path name when entering the floppy disk image, and insert the prepared floppy disk into the floppy disk. When the application determines to you which floppy disk drive the boot image is written to, you can specify the floppy disk initiator, which is usually :. In addition, boot from a floppy disk is similar to boot from a CD. If you use a floppy disk to start the installation, you may need to confirm the language used, the selected keyboard type, and the selected mouse type. At this point, the Linux boot program is not as strong as the Windows boot program and will not automatically identify the connected device. To this end, you need to specify the keyboard and mouse types displayed by the system administrator during the boot process. After the device is changed, you still need to reconfigure the device if you change the mouse from the three keys to the two keys or the mouse is changed. It can be seen that the Linux operating system is inferior to the boot program of the Windows operating system. But in general, the boot disk function of the Linux operating system is still very powerful. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you create a floppy boot disk when deploying a Linux server. Because the boot disk Of a floppy disk is easy to break, it is also feasible to create one more disk. Www.2cto.com 3. Plan the Partition Plan of the Linux operating system in advance, which is different from that of the Microsoft operating system. The latter's partition planning has little impact on its performance. However, the partition planning for Linux is different, which has a great impact on the server performance. In fact, I like to compare the partitions in the Linux operating system to the tablespace planning in the Oracle database. The two of them are similar. The quality of the plan will directly affect the running performance. However, you only need to make some adjustments during deployment, which has a significant impact on subsequent performance. For example, if I use the Linux operating system as a server, I will consider placing some special directories on different partitions, which will improve the performance and security of subsequent servers. For example, you can place the/tmp directory and the/home directory in different partitions. For example, you can also place the/var and/usr directories in different partitions. If the hardware conditions permit, it is best to place the/var directory on an independent partition. These directories have their special purposes and are frequently used. If they are placed separately, the data reading efficiency can be improved, and the competition between them in space can be reduced. In addition, pay special attention to swap partitions. In Linux, swap partitions are like virtual memory in Windows. However, there is a big difference between the two in subsequent adjustments. For example, in Windows, if the virtual memory is insufficient, you can adjust it in the System Properties and Advanced tab. Even if the virtual memory is adjusted subsequently, the execution performance of the subsequent added space is the same as that of the original space. In the Linux operating system, if the virtual space is insufficient, the performance of the application may be affected, or even the installation of the application. In this case, the adjustment process is much more troublesome than that of the Windows operating system. If you need to reinstall the operating system or partition a region from the hard disk as a swap partition. However, if you divide a piece of space on the hard disk as virtual memory afterwards, the execution efficiency of the space added later will not be as good as the space specified during the installation process. Therefore, unless this Linux server is in use, we recommend that you reinstall it to increase the number of swap partitions. Www.2cto.com. Therefore, it is best to plan related Partitions between installation and deployment of Linux servers. The main consideration is to store those directories on different paths, and set the swap partition space. Generally, an experienced system administrator can reasonably plan the partition based on the application services to be deployed in the future. This is also a big difference between senior System Engineers and cainiao system administrators. Because cainiao-level system administrators may only use the default configuration in the operating system. It is also feasible to directly use this default configuration, but the subsequent server performance will be affected. It is difficult to adjust the partition settings later. However, even if it is adjusted, its performance is not expected to be good. Therefore, it is necessary to plan partitions in advance. 4. Disable services that are not required is the same as that in Windows. After installation, the system starts many services. Some of these services are required by the operating system or applications. However, some do not need to be started. If it is started, it will bring some security risks to the operating system. After deploying the Linux operating system, the system administrator needs to view the services it runs. Disable unnecessary services as needed. Therefore, the system administrator must be able to determine which services are necessary and which services can be turned off. At this time, the system administrator can refer to some application instructions and make judgments based on his work experience. Author: Long Minhong