Linux and Windows

1 Kernel
(1) kernel Elasticity
　　
The Linux kernel is highly configurable and independent, mainly for completing: Io driver device management, TCP/IP, and task scheduling. The standard Linux kernel version is released from 40 ~ 50 MB, while I now only use 2 MB for Embedded Linux systems (using arm or m68k series CPUs) tested on some evaluation boards, which also realizes network functions and complete task scheduling, this makes Linux suitable for computing platforms of all levels from high-end servers to embedded applications. Compared with Linux, there is no clear Kernel Concept. windows is only suitable for desktops. nt has never really penetrated into high-end servers, and wince has encountered some structural difficulties.
　　
(2) kernel Task Management
　　
An important indicator to measure a kernel is the security and task scheduling efficiency in a multi-task environment. linux inherits the advantages of UNIX in this respect. win9.x (including winme) never implemented a secure multi-task environment. nt/2 k barely achieved security, but the efficiency was not flattering, I used to rewrite a multi-serial-port Concurrent-driven application into a multi-thread method. I originally wanted to increase the processing speed, which was actually two to three times faster. this is not difficult to understand why the same enterprise level should be used on low-hardware machines to run faster than the NT/2 K of hardware configuration.
　　
2. System value-added and historical compatibility
A well-designed operating system should have a simplified and consistent structure. When new features are added, the original structure does not have to be damaged, and consistency can be maintained in subsequent development. because of the scientific nature of the original design, Unix did not make too many changes in design ideas within more than 20 years. although there are many versions of UNIX, these systems are highly compatible with the source code through the POSIX standard. in comparison, the Framework Design of almost every operating system in Windows is quite satisfactory, and there is almost no concern about the problems that will arise after the new development of hardware. the operating system in the windown16-bit and 32-bit periods has a significant "generation gap". As a good OS, this hardware difference should be taken into consideration by itself, instead of handing over the issue to secondary developers, such as defining a bunch of psz and lpsz pointers, llpsz will probably appear in the 64-bit era in the future.
　　
3. Gui
Linux GUI is built on the basis of X-WINDOWS, which is completely different from Windows GUI, a framework of Windows GUI is through the application program to directly call the winows underlying GUI function. or this is a vertical relationship. while the Linux GUI is the application through the socket to send requests to the X-WINDOW server, only X server in the real write screen. or this is a parallel relationship. the latter method brings higher system stability, because the graphic display system crashes. For Linux, it is only a process that has died, but for Windows, it will cause the entire system to crash. of course, the overhead of X-window is larger than that of windows. However, due to the development of hardware, the advantages of X-window in stability will make up for the insignificant difference in speed.
　　
4. Application Development Environment
Development tools on Linux are not easy to get started with windows, which does not mean that the development environment on Linux is worse than that on windows. In fact, the introduction to Linux programming is slow, but once you are familiar with it, in the future, there will be little to fill in new concepts. In contrast, Microsoft attracts you with some very simple programming concepts, and then quickly removes these concepts, forcing you to learn new concepts, you find that you spend a lot of time following Microsoft. you have spent much more time learning Linux programming. on the other hand, IDE development tools are also growing on Linux, which will eventually attract more application development engineers
　　
5 Technical Development Potential
The current technical architecture of Windows has basically entered a dead end, and it is difficult to make great innovations. unless a completely different system is proposed, and then a Win32 subsystem is built in it to be compatible with existing programs. just like Win16 subsystem on NT :), And the size is doubled. for Linux, where is a good architecture? Now, we mainly fill in the content and enrich the application. for the foreseeable time, Windows cannot surpass Linux in terms of architecture.
　　
6. Impact of interconnection between multiple platforms
If Linux is successful in embedded applications, it will put pressure on the desktop market in the future. as PC control and network capabilities are gradually integrated into household appliances and traditional devices, this day will certainly emerge. microsoft's following pressure-based strategy (Win NT with Win9x's market advantage) will repeat the conclusion in Linux, and I will end this article with a comment I 've seen recently, like the Internet, Linux is slow at the beginning. Once it passes through the initial stage, it will achieve amazing development.