Linux application basics, linux applications

Linux application basics, linux applications

File Location:

System commands:/bin and sbin directories, or shell internal commands;

Application:/usr/bin and/usr/sbin directory.

/Usr/bin: Common execution program file;

/Usr/sbin: The execution program or management program on the server.

 

Common software packages:

Rpm: extension. rmp software package;

Deb: software package with the extension. deb;

Source code package: it is in the format of .tar.gzor .tar.bz2.

Software packages with installation programs: such as install. sh and setup, or a single execution file in. bin format;

Green installation-Free Software Package: You can decompress the compiled execution program file in the compressed package;

 

RPM package:

Proposed by red hat and adopted by many linux distributions;

Package format:

 

Query the installed rpm software information:

Rpm-q [sub-options] [software name]

For example, rpm-qa: view all installed software information of the system;

Rpm-qc httpd: view the httpd software configuration file;

Rpm-ql httpd: view the directories and files installed by the httpd software;

Rpm-q httpd: Check whether httpd is installed.

Rpm-qf file or directory name: To view which RPM software a file or directory belongs.

 

If you want to query information about an uninstalled RPM package, use the full name of the rpm-qp [sub-option] package.

For example, rpm-qpi ethool-3.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: queries the Directory and file to which the package is installed.

 

Install or upgrade RPM software: rpm [Option] rpm package file

Option:

-I: install the new software and add the following link to display the progress bar;

-U: Upgrade the software. If not installed, install the software;

-F: Upgrade the software. If not installed, give up;

Uninstall RPM software: rpm-e Software

 

In fact, it is not easy to install the RPM software package because the software package has dependencies.

 

RPM database:

Record information about installing, uninstalling, and upgrading applications in linux;

The RPM package management system automatically performs maintenance without user intervention.

Storage location:/var/lib/rpm

File Name: __db.001, _ db.002 ......

Rebuilding the RPM database:

Rpm-rebuilddb

Delete the original database file rm-rf/var/lib/rpm/-- db .*

 

RPM Software Package Public Key: used to verify the integrity of the software package.

Check whether there is a public key: rpm-qa gpg-pubkey

Import Public KEY: rpm-import/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

View Public Key Information: rpm-qi public key name

Verify the software package integrity:

Rpm-K/media/Packages/httpd-2.2.15-29.e16_4.x86_64.rpm

To display more detailed verification information, use-vvK.

Uninstall public key:

Rpm-e public key name

 

YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) Overview:

A software update mechanism built based on RPM packages can automatically resolve software dependencies.

All software packages are provided by the centralized YUM software repository.

How to provide a software warehouse:

FTP service: ftp ://....

HTTP service: http ://....

Local Directory: fiel :///....

RPM package Source:

Red hat release; third-party organization; user-defined.

EPEL software source: A software warehouse project maintained by the Fedora team that provides software packages they do not provide by default.

Install EPEL software source:

Check whether the EPEL source is added:

Yum repolist

YUM repository location:/etc/yum. repos. d/*. repo

YUM configuration file:

Basic settings:/etc/yum. conf

Repository settings:/etc/yum. repos. d/*. repo

Log File:/var/log/yum. log

Command for querying the software package:

Yum list [software name]: You can omit the software name to view all software packages;

Yum info [software name]: view the information of a software package;

Yum search <keyword>: search for a software package;

Yum provides <keywords>: Search which software package a file belongs to (this command is often used ).

Query a software package group: a software package is used to group A series of software for easy installation and management.

Yum grouplist [Package group name]: queries all software packages.

Yum groupinfo <package Group Name>: queries information about a software package.

Install software:

Yum install [software name]

Yum groupinstall <package Group Name>

Upgrade software:

Yum update

Yum groupupdate

Uninstall:

Yum remove <software Name>

Yum groupremove <Group Name>

Yum grouperase <package Group Name>