Linux Learning Path-linux Automation system Installation "12"---20171230

installation program

• CentOS System Installation

  System Startup process:
  Bootloader-->kernel (INITRAMFS)-->rootfs-->/sbin/init
  Anaconda: System installation program
  >gui: Graphics window
  >tui: Text window based on curses of graphics library

• Setup startup procedures

  Mbr:isolinux/boot.cat
  Stage2:isolinux/isolinux.bin
  Configuration file: Isolinux/isolinux.cfg
  > Each of the corresponding menu options:
  > Load kernel: isolinuz/vmlinuz
  > Pass parameters to the kernel: Append initrd=initrd.img ...

  Mount the root file system and start Anaconda
  > Default Start GUI interface
  > If you explicitly specify to use the Tui interface: Pass the text parameter to the kernel
  > (1) Press the TAB key to add text to the back
  > (2) Press the ESC key: Boot:linux text

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]/MISC/CD] #cd Isolinux/[[email protected]/misc/cd/isolinux] #lsboot. Cat grub.conf Isolinux.bin memtest TRANS. TBL vmlinuzboot.msg initrd.img isolinux.cfg splash.png Vesamenu.c32[[email protected]/misc/cd/isolinux] #hexdu Mp-c Boot.cat 00000000 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000010 xx (xx) xx, xx, xx, AA, AA, ..., and so on.    uu.| ----> also has a AA mark bit 00000020 (E1) 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000040-EF 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000050 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000060 88 00 00 00 00 00 38 46 53 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ... 8fs.......| 00000070 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| *00000800[[email protected]/misc/cd/isolinux] #hexdump-C isolinux.biN----> equivalent to the start phase 2nd Phase 00000000 FA EA 6c 7c xx E1 16 00 00 | l|............| 00000010 2e 8e 6c CF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |. ' .... l.........| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| *00000040 FB C0 2e 8f, 2e 8f, 2a, 5a |. XpY ... (0...*0z|00000050 5f C0-DB Bayi FC XX 7c |_.f1.f1....| s.fx|00000060 5b be 7c E3 0e is-----EB--be-----|f[.|  ..... x.f|00000070-C0-2e, 2e 8c, 0a, |1.f1...&.0....01|00000080 c9 8e d1 BC D4 7b 8e D9 8e C1 8e E1 8e E9 | {. w........| 00000090 FB FC A3 1e 24 30 89 36 14 30 66 |. F. 0f.. $0.6.0F|000000A0 8b A3 E8 8b 36 12 30 | ..... F.. 0.% ..... 6.0|000000B0 E8 FF be 7c B9 F0 66 01 |. [email protected]|...f.f.| 000000C0 C7 E2 F9 3e----------- 000000d0 21 00 C0 f3 (ab C6) C6 06 48 |!. F1. F...  00...H|000000E0 1e C6 (C6) A0, FF, AE, |0....0....0....0|000000f0 bayi 3e, all-in-ten, 1d B8 4b 8a | >.0x.u ... K... 0.|00000100 E8 D7 0f-F1 8a-|00..........08.2|00000110-0f-3d---------3e-0c A1 |0..=.f.>.|. U ' f.4|00000120-C0 1a (B8), BB, E8 |0f!. t.f.........| ....

• Anaconda Working Process

  The Anaconda installation system is divided into three stages:
  Pre-installation configuration phase
  > Language used in the installation process
  > Keyboard types
  > Installing the target storage device
  >>basic Storage: Local Disk
  >> Special Equipment: ISCSI

  > Set host Name
  > Configuring network Interfaces
  > Time Zone
  > Administrator Password
  > Set the partitioning method and the installation location of MBR
  > Create a regular user
  > select packages to install

  Installation phase
  > Create partitions on target disks, perform formatting operations, etc.
  > Install the selected package to the target location
  > Installing bootloader and Initramfs

  Graphics mode First Boot
  >iptables
  >selinux
  >core Dump

System Installation

• The boot installation process should generally be located on the boot device, and subsequent anaconda and the packages it installs are available in the following ways:

  Local Disc
  Local hard disk
  Nfs
  Url:
  >ftp Server:yum Repository
  >http Server:yum Repostory

  If you want to specify the installation source manually:
  >boot:linux Askmethod

• How to configure Anaconda

  (1) Interactive configuration mode
  (2) Automatically complete configuration by reading a given configuration file in advance
  > configuration options given by specific syntax
  >kickstart file

• Install boot boot option: Boot:
• Text: How to install texts
• Askmethod: Manually specify the installation method to use
• Network-related boot options:

  Ip=ipaddr
  Netmask=mask
  Gateway=gw
  Dns=dns_server_ip
  Ifname=name:mac_addr

• Boot options related to the remote access feature:

  Vnc
  Vncpassword= ' PASSWORD '

• Indicate the location of the Kickstart file: ks=

  DVD Drive:ks=cdrom:/path/to/kickstart_file
  Hard Drive:ks=hd:device:/directory/kickstart_file
  HTTP Server:ks=http://host:port/path/to/kickstart_file
  FTP server:ks=ftp://host:port/path/to/kickstart_file HTTPS Server:ks=https://host:port/path/to/kickstart_file
  NFS Server:ks=nfs:host:/path/to/kickstart_file

• Activate emergency rescue mode: Rescue
• Official document: "Installation Guide"

Format of Kickstart file

• Command segment: Indicates various pre-installation configurations, such as keyboard type
• Package segment: Indicates which package group or package to install, packages that are not installed, and so on

  %packages
  @group_name (Package Group)
  Package
  -package (excludes packages that are not installed)
  %end

• Script segment:

  %pre: Pre-installation script
  > Operating Environment: Micro-Linux environment running on installation media

  %post: Post-installation script
  > Operating Environment: Installation of completed systems

• Commands in the command segment:

• Required commands

  Authconfig: Authentication Mode configuration
  >authconfig--useshadow--passalgo=sha512

  Installation location and related configuration of Bootloader:bootloader
  >bootloader--location=mbr--driveorder=sda–append= "Crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

  Keyboard: Setting Keyboard type
  Lang: Language type
  Part: Creating Partitions
  ROOTPW: Indicates the root password
  TimeZone: Time zone

• Optional commands

  Install OR Upgrade
  Text: Installation Interface network
  Firewall
  SELinux
  Halt
  Poweroff
  Reboot
  Repo User: Create new users for the system after installation is complete
  URL: Indicates the installation source
  Key–skip Skip installation number for Rhel version

• How to create a kickstart file

  Direct manual editing
  > Modify according to a template

  You can use the Create tool: System-config-kickstart
  > Modify and generate a new configuration based on a template
  >/root/anaconda-ks.cfg

  Check the KS file for syntax errors
  >ksvalidator
  >ksvalidator/path/to/kickstart_file

注意：Centos7 的 system-config-kickstart 工具生成ks-cfg文件时候，yum配置文件base必须改成development，否则无法读取目录列表

List of isolinux directories in the system CD

• Solinux.bin: The CD-ROM boot program, in the Mkisofs options need to explicitly give the file path, this file belongs to the Syslinux project
• Isolinux.cfg:isolinux.bin configuration file, when the CD-ROM boot (that is, run Isolinux.bin), will automatically go to find isolinux.cfg file
• VESAMENU.C32: is the CD-ROM installation GUI, also belongs to Syslinux project, MENU.C32 version is plain text menu
• Memtest: Memory detection, which is a standalone program
• SPLASH.JGP: Background image of the CD Launcher interface
• Vmlinuz is a kernel image
• Initrd.img is Ramfs (first cpio, then gzip compressed)

[[email protected]]#cp -r /misc/cd/isolinux/ /app/bootiso/[[email protected]]#tree .└── isolinux    ├── boot.cat    ├── boot.msg    ├── grub.conf    ├── initrd.img    ├── isolinux.bin    ├── isolinux.cfg    ├── memtest    ├── splash.jpg    ├── TRANS.TBL    ├── vesamenu.c32    └── vmlinuz1 directory, 11 files

Making a bootable CD and USB flash drive

• Create boot disc:

  Mkdir–pv/app/myiso
  cp-r/misc/cd/isolinux//app/myiso/
  vim/app/my Iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
  >initrd=initrd.img text ks=cdrom:/myks.cfg

  cp/root/myks.cfg/app/myiso/
  Mkisofs-r-j-t-V--no-emul-boot--boot-load-size 4--boot-info-table-v "CentOS 6.9 x86_64 Boot"-B isolinux/isolinux.b In-c isolinux/boot.cat-o/root/boot.iso/app/myiso/
  Note: The relative paths above are relative to the root of the disc, and are independent of the working directory

• Create u Disk Startup disk

  dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/dev/sdb

• mkisofs options

  -o means The name of the fixed image file.
  -b Specifies the boot image file that is required to make the bootable disc.
  -C When you make a bootable disc, the entire contents of the No-eltorito-catalog in the boot image file are made into one file.
  -no-emul-boot Non-impersonation mode started.
  -boot-load-size 4 Set the number of loading sections
  -boot-info-table The actual information in the launched Image
  -R or-rock use rock ridgeextensions
  -j or-joliet Joliet format directory with file name
  -V or-verbose displays detailed information when executing
  -T or-translation-table a file name conversion table for systems that do not support Rock Ridge Extensions

[[email protected]] #yum install syslinux loaded plugin: Fastestmirror, Refresh-packagekit, security set installation process loading mirror Speeds from cached Hostfile package syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 is installed and is the latest version without any processing [[email protected]] #find/APP/CENTOS6- Name TRANS. tbl-exec rm {} \; [[email protected]] #find/app/centos6-name TRANS. TBL [[email protected]] #rm/app/centos6/repodata/*rm: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/ 1cde788f77b08a7eb3dfdba12fa384a5f0214147a717a1e2d4504368037fba90-c6-x86_64-comps.xml.gz "? YRM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64- Comps.xml "? RM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/ 594889376C2452DC8178BBAED982DEBA4DFF38A42716AC03FC84576C17B1D79B-FILELISTS.SQLITE.BZ2 "? YRM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/ 92299bd89d0ef9e4030e78d31399a96b41712239f032d0092f2345ba5cb01404-other.xml.gz "? YRM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/ 9f2ef5087547b18bdccc798b0cad7456047fc69ca17db69d3159b6dd84ed1c11-primary.xml.gz "? YRM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repODATA/AD73B7FA76BB45FEEA7E4CDB2D896279524039545E8764CEAA515665F897A0C5-PRIMARY.SQLITE.BZ2 "? YRM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/ Dc8a406c3cc1c5103ff2e22a1b9d3d0d09a13a6fda831ffecebdd55484bf5146-filelists.xml.gz "? YRM: Delete normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/ F18D3F35AB887F27A5ACC563138BD58A0C9B668E8CD79DBB32C4FC610C88E320-OTHER.SQLITE.BZ2 "? YRM: Do you want to delete the normal file "/app/centos6/repodata/repomd.xml"? Y[[email protected]] #ls/app/centos6/ repodata43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml[[email  Protected]] #createrepo-G/app/centos6/repodata/ 43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml./Spawning worker 0 with 3240 Pkgsworkers finishedgathering worker resultssaving Primary metadatasaving file lists metadatasaving other Metadatagenerating SQLite dbssqlite DBs complete

[[email protected]~] #find/app/centos7-name TRANS. Tbl/app/centos7/efi/boot/fonts/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/efi/boot/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/efi/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/images/pxeboot/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/images/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/isolinux/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/liveos/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/packages/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/repodata/trans. Tbl/app/centos7/trans. Tbl[[email protected]~] #find/app/centos7-name TRANS. tbl-exec rm {} \; [[email protected]~] #find/app/centos7-name TRANS. Tbl[[email protected]~] #rm/app/centos7/repodata/*-f[[email protected]~] #ls/misc/cd/repodata/ 0c34273ad0292747ee5e15c047d3e51c67ca59861a446972db45d71abacc7ad7-primary.sqlite.bz238b60f66d52704cffb8696750b2b6552438c1a ce283bc2cf22408b0ba0e4cbfa-c7-x86_64- comps.xml6cd606547d4f569538d4090e9accdc3c69964de1116b9ab1e0a7864bb1f3ec98-filelists.sqlite.bz29346184be1deb727caf4b1ecf4a 7949155da5da74af9b92c172687b290a773df-c7-x86_64- Comps.xml.gza0af68e1057f6b03a36894d3a4f267bbe0590327423d0005d95566fb58cd7a29- Other.xml.gzb686d3a0f337323e656d9387b9a76ce6808b26255fc3a138b1a87d3b1cb95ed5-primary.xml.gzc1561546c684bd06b3a499c2babc35 C761b37b2fc331677eca12f0c769b1bb37-filelists.xml.gzcf0cc856d46b3095106da78256fb28f9d8defea4118d0e75eab07dc53b7d3f0d-other . sqlite.bz2repomd.xmlrepomd.xml.asctrans.tbl[[email protected]~] #cp/misc/cd/repodata/ 38b60f66d52704cffb8696750b2b6552438c1ace283bc2cf22408b0ba0e4cbfa-c7-x86_64-comps.xml/app/centos7/repodata/[[ Email protected]~] #cd/app/centos7/[[email protected]/app/centos7] #createrepo-G repodata/ 38b60f66d52704cffb8696750b2b6552438c1ace283bc2cf22408b0ba0e4cbfa-c7-x86_64-comps.xml./Spawning worker 0 with 4796 Pkgsspawning worker 1 with 4795 pkgsworkers finishedsaving Primary metadatasaving file lists metadatasaving other metadata Generating SQLite dbssqlite DBs complete

装载图形化界面[[email protected]~]#yum groupinstall "kde desktop"  [[email protected]~]#yum install xorg-x11-server-Xorg[[email protected]~]#yum install vim-enhanced

Linux Learning Path-linux Automation system Installation "12"---20171230