Linux system administrator three levels of discipline

First Level: General administrator

1, Characteristics: can understand the concept of zoning, know how to install Linux system and common database, desktop Manager, application software, etc., can do some basic configuration (such as network, printer, modem, etc.), refer to the information at hand to install and configure common services (such as NFS, HTTP, FTP, TELNET, SSH, LDAP, NIS, mail Service, SAMBA, print service, etc.), can solve some basic simple problems, familiar with some basic common commands, can understand the system startup process and so on.

Second Level: Senior Administrator

1, he first is a junior administrator;

2, Characteristics: Once systematically learned operating system principles, understanding of memory management, process management, CPU scheduling and inter-process communication, and can understand the mechanism of the Linux system; Learn to write knowledge of programming, proficiency in at least one computer language (such as C, JAVA, SHELL, PERL, PHP, etc.) , learned computer network, understand the principle of TCP/IP, know the principle of Ethernet, switch and router, familiar with computer security theory knowledge, understand common attack and defense strategies; Learn database theory, familiar with several kinds of common database products;

3, with a strong spirit of learning and research, can quickly keep up with today's technology development, always understand the development of Linux, with a few Linux enthusiasts, with a strong professionalism.

4, can understand the following applications in essence: HTTP services, mail services, print services, Directory Access services, file services, and can skillfully install, configure, optimize and monitor these applications;

5, can customize the kernel, know how to optimize the kernel parameters so that the system can run at the best state, through the collection system running a series of snapshots to understand the performance of the system, and to gain insight into the system anomalies and rapid response; very familiar with the level of system operation, the detailed path of guidance and user login detailed process;

6, proficient in several popular file system structure and implementation mechanism;

7, know how to install, configure, optimize and monitor more than one large database;

8, familiar with the concept of disk partitioning, logical disk and disk quotas, and can freely apply to real life;

9, familiar with the various encryption algorithms used in Linux, know how to eliminate all kinds of security loopholes and hidden dangers in the system, can judge some users (including intruders) by subtle clues malicious behavior and can make rapid response (Loss assessment, health check, repair);

10, proficient in several common scripting languages (bash, sh, perl, PHP, etc.), skilled in some of the main text processing tools (grep, sed, awk, etc.), master several editors (Vi/vim, Emacs, etc.);

Third level: Hacker level Administrator

1, the first is a senior administrator;

2, familiar with the kernel of the original code tree structure, read some of the main kernel function module code, master all the kernel module algorithm, familiar with the implementation mechanism of various modules, know how to write device drivers;

3, proficient in some debugging tools (such as GDB, KDB, DDD, etc.), can debug the kernel, device drivers and various applications, can find out most of the bugs and can self-modify or generate reports to submit the corresponding kernel source tree administrator, know to modify the kernel to change the kernel behavior to better apply to the current application environment ；

4, with a few hackers best friends, and always discuss with them exchanges;

5, proficient in c/c++/compilation, can write high-quality programs, by downloading some of the application's source code and remove the malicious codes in the installation, debugging and monitoring its behavior;

6, can find some error information from the error log file and can be traced (possibly to the source level).

Linux system administrator three levels of discipline