Linux History jobs

1.what is the relationship between Unix and Linux?

Linux is a Unix-like system, and it can be said that Linux is derived from UNIX systems.

Ps:1) UNIX systems are mostly hardware-compatible, while Linux can run on a variety of hardware platforms.

2) UNIX is a commercial software, and Linux is free software, free, open source code. "Unix ($ 50,000) and Linux free"

Unix's history is longer than Linux. Linux is thought to originate from Unix

2. What is BSD? What do we usually say about FreeBSD, NetBSD, and BSD?

Berkeley Software Suite (English: Berkeley software Distribution, abbreviated BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix (Berkeley Unix), is the name of an operating system. Derived from UNIX (class Unix), the 1970 's was created by Bill Joy, a student at the University of California at Berkeley, and was used to represent the various Bill joy that it derived.

BSD is often used as a UNIX system at the station level, thanks to the very loose BSD User license, many of the computer companies established in the 1980 have benefited from BSD, with more notable examples such as Dec Ultrix, and Sun's SunOS. In the 1990 's, BSD was largely superseded by system V 4.x and OSF/1 systems, but its open source version was adopted to promote the development of the Internet.

BSD is an important UNIX branch, developed and released by the University of California, Berkeley, in the last 1977-1995 years. Both FreeBSD and NetBSD are a derivative version of BSD.

3. UNIX licenses prohibit the use of UNIX source code in universities which year, followed by the emergence of two important UNIX version of the line, what is the difference?

Unix's version V7 started in 1979, and it banned UNIX sources at universities. Then there are two major UNIX version lines, one is Berkeley's BSD Unix and the other is the Unix System v family.

4. AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, IRIX which companies have these UNIX developed? Which branch of Unix derivation are they based on (the two version lines in question 3rd)?

AIX is developed by IBM and belongs to the System V branch;
Solaris was developed by Sun Microsystems and developed from BSD, preferring system V;
HP-UX developed by Hewlett-Packard, based on System V branch;
Irix is a Silicon Valley graphic company developed based on the System V branch;

5. please explain the concepts of GNU and GPL in the shortest words.

GNU is a free software campaign launched by Richard Stallman in 1983 to create a completely free operating system that requires us to be free to use, freely change, free to release software, and the GPL is used to prescribe how to free the protocol.

6. What are the changes in GPLv2 and GPLV1?
GPLv1 was released in 1989, and its main purpose was to prevent such behavior: the author of the release software publishes only the binary executable, not the source code, and the author of the software adds some restrictive clauses. Therefore, by GPLV1, if you publish executable binaries, you must publish the readable source code at the same time, and you cannot add any restrictive terms when publishing any GPL-based software. The biggest difference between GPLv2 and GPLV1 is that there is a chapter in the second edition of the clause "Freedom or Death" ("Liberty or Death"), which affirms that if a person publishes GPL-based software, it also adds mandatory terms, In order to protect and respect other people's freedom and rights to some extent, that is, in some countries, people can only release the software in the form of binary code, in order to safeguard the copyright of developers, then he will not be entitled to publish the Software.

Ps:

GPLv1

GPL version 1, the original version, was released in January 1989 to prevent the blocking of free software, which has two main impediments to open source software (one is that the software publisher publishes only the executable binary code and does not publish the specific source code. One is a software publisher who adds restrictive terms to the software license. Therefore, by GPLV1, if you publish executable binaries, you must publish the readable source code at the same time, and you cannot add any restrictive terms when publishing any GPL-based software.

GPLv2

The biggest change Richard Stallman made in GPLv2 was the addition of "freedom or Death" ("Liberty or Death"), the seventh chapter Liberty-or-death Presentation. This chapter states that, in order to protect and respect some other people's freedom and rights to a certain extent, if someone releases software from the GPL and adds mandatory terms (that is, in some countries, people can only release software in the form of binary code to protect the copyright of developers who develop software), Then he will have no right to publish the software.

By the year 1990, it was widely accepted that a restrictive license was a strategic benefit for the development of free software; Therefore, when the second version of the GPL (GPLV2) was released in June 1991, the second license library, the GNU General Public License (LGPL, The Library general public License) was also released and initially set as the 2nd version to indicate its complementarity with GPLv2. This version lasted until 1999, and branched out a derived LGPL version number of 2.1, and renamed it to a lightweight generic public license (also known as the wide generic Public License, Lesser General publicly License) to reflect its position throughout the GNU philosophy.

GPLv3

GPLV3 logo

Richard Stallman (Richard Stallman) drafted the first draft of the GNU GPLv3 at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. On his right (on the left of the photo) is Columbia law professor Ibn Moglin, President of Software Freedom Law Center

By 2005, the GPL version 3 is being drafted by Stallman and is being consulted by the Ibn Moglin and the Software Freedom Law Center (software Freedom).

Speaking at the European Conference of Free and Open source software developers on February 25, 2006, Stallman said:

Of all the changes, the four most important are:

Solve the software patent problem;

compatibility with other licenses;

Definition of source code partitioning and composition;

Solve digital rights management issues.

In 2006, the Free Software Foundation started a 12-month public consultation on possible changes to the GPL.

In the course of the public consultation, 962 comments were submitted to the draft of the first draft. Finally, a total of 2,636 comments were submitted.

The draft GPLV3 is available from January 16, 2006 onwards.

Officially opened on March 28, 2007.

June 29, 2007, the Free Software Foundation officially released the 3rd edition of the GPL.

But the Linux community leader Linus Torvalds and others decided not to let Linux use GPLv3 authorization, still using GPLV2 authorization. The incident had caused Richard Stallman's dissatisfaction.

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Linux History jobs