Linux operating system basic structure and terminal control

Beginner Linux, write a more messy disorder, to their own study record notes, if there are errors, please Daniel advice.

basic architecture of Linux operating system
1.KERNL Kernel
2.Modules Module
3.Lib Library
4.shellTools (applications)
5.Tools Tools (applications) the same level of application
The system can be divided into 4 parts in structure:
The 1.Linux kernel, the heart of the system, is the core program for running programs and managing hardware devices, mainly including:
File Management
Device Management
Memory management
Module Management
Network management
Process Management
Generally accepts user commands that are passed from run-time libraries and system programs, and returns results to the user after execution.
2. Run-time library and system programs, they encapsulate the kernel to provide a function interface, add these functions to a certain permission to first check, through their own application interface to the general user process use.
3.Linux Shell It is a system program, but it has different functions from the general system programs that work in the background. It faces the user between.
The shell is a command interpreter that interprets the commands entered by the user and feeds them into the kernel.
The Red Hat Linux system supports several different shells:
Bourne Shell: Developed by Bell Labs
BASH: Is the GNU Bourne Again Shell, which is the default shell of the Red Hat Linux operating system (default meaning, that is, defaults)
Korn Shell: Is the development of the Bourne shell, most of the content andBourne Shell compatible
C Shell: The BSD version of Sun's shell
4. Using a tool utility program is a program that the user uses to complete a particular tool

System boot Order
Hardware
Internal KERNL (Kernel) | Module (free to add)
Nuclear                      The BIOS BIOS is at the same level as the KERNL and is booted by the BIOS when the system boots kernl
Empty 8139 (network card module) BIOS hardware embedded language, can be directly and hardware communication, do the operation
Room

Using the API (Application Interface) Lib (Library interface)
Users ↓
An empty app (application) may invoke the interface that the most basic operating system gives it, or the interface that the library gives it
Shell is one of the applications that provides a tool for people to interact with the machine
↓
Apache Shell KDE (desktop environment)
GUI (graphical user interface)
Root:ls-l/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.el6.i686 can view version kernel
Root:uname-a can also view versions
2.6 is the version number, 32 is 2.6 of the 32nd version of the No. 279 revision, EL Representative, this is the official version of Red Hat official revision
2.4 2.5 2.6 Kernel parallel development, both in the development of perfect
even version of the kernel is a stable version of the kernel
The odd edition kernel is the experimental version of the kernel

Kernel.org Official kernel
kernel dominates the development of Linux
Module Location
Root:ls/lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.i686/kernel See which modules are available
root:ls/lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.i686/kernel/fs to see which file systems are supported

in the Windows system, the graphical interface is written in kernel, so the graphical interface runs smoothly.
In Linux, the graphical interface is no longer kernel, the graphical interface is equivalent to an app run, occupying about 120MB of memory

Root:whoami Show you log in to your account
Root:who is he shows who you are, log in on the first few ports
Root:w shows who is logged in under that port
Root:ls/dev/tty? Shows a few analog serial ports
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Root:ls/dev/ttys? Shows a few actual physical serial ports
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Root:echo 575129 >/DEV/PTS/1 to pts/1 port login, send 575129
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Root:skill-9 Pts/2 kicked out of the PTS/2 port under the login user
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If you don't need so many terminal connections, you can edit
Root:vi/etc/inittab
Root:startx--: 1 Start a second graphical interface

This article is from "Linux Rookie growth log" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://0575129.blog.51cto.com/1418401/1590116

Linux operating system basic structure and terminal control