Linux+python first operation of high-end operation and Maintenance class

1. List Linux distributions by series and describe the connection and difference between different distributions.

Linux distribution is divided into Slackware, Debian, redhat three series, the other series including ArchLinux, Gentoo and so on.

Slackware Release: The Gnu/linux release, developed by Patrick Volkerding, adheres to the kiss principle. One of the most famous branches is S.U.S.E (Enterprise Edition), OpenSUSE (SuSE desktop free release).

Debian Distribution: Server Edition, consumes less resources, stable, the main derivative branch Ubuntu,mint,ubuntu (in the domestic famous, widely used, its prominent features easy to use, easy to get started. Software package management is done well, including desktop version, Server Edition, Mint (based on Ubuntu, notable features can be used after the installation of desktop environment, simple, easy to use).

Redhat release: Founded in 1993, is the world's most experienced Linux and open source provider, but also the most recognized Linux brand. The main representative is Rehl,centos,fedora. Rehl (Red Hat Enterprise Linux,redha, a new release every 18 months), CentOS (it is compiled from the source code released by Rehl according to the open source rules. Because of the same source code, some servers that require a high degree of stability are used with CentOS instead of the commercial version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The difference is that CentOS does not contain closed source software), Fedora (Linux free Desktop Edition, get Redhat official support, used to test new software, release a new version every 6 months)

ArchLinux Release: A standalone open source release with rolling release mode and regular system updates to get new software for users with a certain Linux base.

Gentoo release: A free Linux-based operating system that automatically optimizes and customizes almost any application or requirement. The quest for extreme configuration, performance, and top-notch user and developer communities are hallmarks of the Gentoo experience. Can be customized strong, starting threshold high.

2, description of the use of the command on the Linux system format, details Ifconfig, Echo, TTY, STARTX, export, pwd, history, shutdown, Poweroff, reboot, Hwclock, the use of the date command , and is elaborated in conjunction with the corresponding example.

Ifconfig: Mainly used to display and configure the network interface;

[[Email protected]_13_60_centos root]$ ifconfigeth0: flags=4163<up,broadcast,running, multicast>  mtu 1500        inet 10.104.13.60   netmask 255.255.192.0  broadcast 10.104.63.255         ether 52:54:00:1e:5c:84  txqueuelen 1000   (Ethernet)          RX packets 1497178  bytes 144406596  ( 137.7&NBSP;MIB)         rx errors 0  dropped 0   overruns 0  frame 0        TX  packets 1091699  bytes 134515163  (128.2&NBSP;MIB)          tx errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0   collisions 0lo: flags=73<up,loopback,running>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         loop  txqueuelen 0   (Local loopback)          RX packets 0  bytes 0  (0.0 b)          rx errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame  0        TX packets 0  bytes 0  ( 0.0&NBSP;B)         tx errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

-a displays all currently available interfaces:

[[Email protected]_13_60_centos root]$ ifconfig -aeth0: flags=4163<up,broadcast, running,multicast>  mtu 1500        inet  10.104.13.60  netmask 255.255.192.0  broadcast 10.104.63.255         ether 52:54:00:1e:5c:84  txqueuelen 1000   ( Ethernet)         RX packets 1497975  bytes  144475870  (137.7&NBSP;MIB)         RX errors 0   dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1092253  bytes 134584132  (128.3&NBSP;MIB)          TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0   carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73<up,loopback,running>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         loop  txqueuelen 0   (Local loopback)          RX packets 0  bytes 0  (0.0 b)          RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0   Frame 0        tx packets 0  bytes 0   (0.0&NBSP;B)         tx errors 0  dropped  0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

-S displays a short list:

[[email protected]_13_60_centos root]$ ifconfig -s  Iface      MTU    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP  rx-ovr    tx-ok tx-err tx-drp tx-ovr flgeth0       1500  1498086      0      0  0       1092347      0       0      0 BMRUlo        65536        0      0       0 0              0      0      0       0 LRU 

-V Some error conditions in more detail:

[Email Protected]_13_60_centos root]$ ifconfig-v

eth0: flags=4163<up,broadcast,running,multicast>  mtu 1500         inet 10.104.13.60  netmask 255.255.192.0  broadcast  10.104.63.255        ether 52:54:00:1e:5c:84   txqueuelen 1000   (Ethernet)         rx packets  1498187  bytes 144493596  (137.7&NBSP;MIB)          RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1092392  bytes 134604915  ( 128.3&NBSP;MIB)         tx errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73<up,loopback, Running>  mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         loop  txqueuelen 0   (local  Loopback)         RX packets 0  bytes 0  ( 0.0&NBSP;B)         rx errors 0  dropped 0   overruns 0  frame 0        TX  packets 0  bytes 0  (0.0 b)         tx  errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0   Collisions 0

Interface View status information for a specific interface:

[[Email protected]_13_60_centos root]$ ifconfig eth0eth0: flags=4163<up,broadcast, running,multicast>  mtu 1500        inet  10.104.13.60  netmask 255.255.192.0  broadcast 10.104.63.255         ether 52:54:00:1e:5c:84  txqueuelen 1000   ( Ethernet)         RX packets 1498515  bytes  144521763  (137.8&NBSP;MIB)         RX errors 0   dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1092636  bytes 134633490  (128.3&NBSP;MIB)          TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0   carrier 0  collisIons 0 

This article is from the "How Big Heart" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://qq512430.blog.51cto.com/5955081/1886922

Linux+python first operation of high-end operation and Maintenance class