Network Management for easy O & M (I)

Scenario: Mr. Zhang is a company's network administrator who manages many devices, including routing and switching. One day, he suddenly received a call from the user, saying he could not access the internet. After arriving at the scene, he found that not only one user, but multiple users had this problem. After judgment, he thought it was a vswitch problem. After investigation, he found that a switch had a donw machine, making it impossible for users connected to the switch to connect to the network. After the vswitch is processed, the problem is solved. Although the problem was finally solved, it took a long time for the affected users to work normally during this period, and it was inevitable that they would not be satisfied with the network system.

In the above scenario, I think many network administrators have experienced this in their daily work. We are always repeating this process:

 

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The discovery of problems is often because users know more about the problem than we do, and then notify us to handle the problem. For the solution, personal technical capabilities are an important part, it usually determines the system response time.

We can see that each step consumes time throughout the process of problem handling, which directly affects our work efficiency and slows down the recovery speed of the system, the most important thing is that they affect the business of enterprises. How can we improve our work efficiency? From the figure below, we can see that if the system fails, we can discover it as soon as possible, even before the user knows it, and can accurately confirm the problem, without any intermediate process, it will undoubtedly greatly improve our work efficiency.

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This is why we need network management. After an enterprise's IT platform is built, IT platform management becomes an important task of daily O & M. The level of network management determines the level of network performance, security, and efficiency of the network. However, with the continuous enhancement of network functions and the continuous expansion of hardware and software, the content of network management becomes more and more complex and more difficult. Today, network management is no longer a simple manual configuration and maintenance, it also includes automatic monitoring and management of the network. In addition, compared with small and medium-sized enterprises, large enterprises tend to have a stronger demand for network management. They have a large number of devices and a larger network scale, the requirements for security and stability are also more stringent. It is important to manage the security and stability effectively. However, the complexity of IT systems often makes this task a great challenge. IT personnel will always face many problems in their actual work, such as how to know when the network fails; how to accurately locate fault points among a large number of devices, how to understand the operation status of devices, prevent faults, and ensure system stability is crucial for IT personnel, however, it is obviously impossible to do it only through manpower. Therefore, efficient network management is a key guarantee for the secure, stable, and efficient operation of the enterprise IT platform. Before building a network management platform, we must first understand Network Management: 1. What is network management? First, we need to know what network management is and what network management is? In fact, there is no uniform definition of network management. Different people have different understandings and different organizations have different definitions. In general, network management means that network administrators dynamically monitor networks through various applications and tools and devices, this module obtains, analyzes, and processes the running status, configuration information, and resource usage of the device. This allows you to master the overall network situation and ensure high network availability, to meet the work requirements of enterprises. Network management consists of four parts: Network Management workstations, managed devices, MIB databases, and network protocols. Shows the relationship between them:

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Network management workstation: there must be at least one network management workstation in network management, which is usually an independent device and serves as the user interface for network manager to manage the network, install the above network management software to monitor and control all network management. Managed device: a managed device is a device monitored by a network management workstation. It accepts requests from the workstation and provides corresponding answers. It can also send information through an automatic network management workstation. Such as hosts, routers, and switches in the network. Network Management Information Library: MIB is actually a database that provides information about managed network devices, which are shared by network management processes and managed devices. Network Management Protocol: The action rules and data formats of information interaction between the managed proxy and the network management process are defined by the Network Management Protocol. 2. the functions of network management: configuration management, performance management, fault management, security management, and billing management. Configuration Management: monitors and controls the configuration status of the network, such as the acquisition of device configuration information, changes to the running status of the device, and user operation records. Performance management: Mainly monitors, analyzes, and processes the running status and traffic of network resources, users, and accessed resources, and generates reports. For example, the CPU, memory load, and port traffic of a device can clearly understand the running status of the network. Fault Management: fault management is mainly manifested in the rapid discovery, locating and elimination of network faults to ensure the high availability of the network. Security management: the role of security management is to provide information confidentiality, authentication and Integrity protection mechanisms, so that the service data and systems in the network are free of intrusion and destruction. Security management has two meanings: (1) network users and network resources are not illegally used. (2) It is not used by unauthorized users. Billing management: the billing management records the use of network resources to control and monitor the costs and costs of network operations. This is an important function in public commercial networks, but it is rarely used in general enterprises. 3. network management protocols we know that there are various protocols in computer systems. They play the most important role in device communication. Their Advantages and Disadvantages directly determine the communication quality. Network management also has its own protocol, which defines the communication methods between the network management process and the managed proxy. Major network management protocols include iso cmis/CMIP, ietf snmp, and RMON. SNMP is the most widely used Network Management Protocol in the world. It is designed to be Protocol Independent, it can be used in IP, IPX, AppleTalk, OSI, and other transmission protocols. Almost all network devices support SNMP, now it has become a standard Network Management Protocol. SNMP is short for "Simple Network Management Protocol". The Chinese name is "Simple Network Management Protocol ". Its predecessor was the simple gateway monitoring protocol SGMP deployed in 1987 ). Since it is simple and practical, it has been widely supported and applied since its launch. It has three versions: SNMPv1, SNMPv2, and SNMPv3. Currently, SNMPv2 is the most widely used version. SNMP collects data in two ways: Polling and Interrupt ). Round robin: initiated by the network management workstation, that is, the management program sends a query signal and the managed proxy gives a response. Interruption: The method based on interruption is called self-Trap. Trap) is actively triggered by the managed device. When an event specified by tarp occurs on the device, the network management workstation is notified immediately. 4. network management software is the most important part of the network management system. It is a key factor for the success of network management. A set of good management software will be your best assistant. I personally think that a set of excellent network management software should have the following features: (1 ). there are many types of support, and there are often a wide variety of devices in the network. network management software must have a wide range of support areas to monitor a variety of network devices and application services. (2) The Monitoring scope is wide, and various important network parameters such as CPU, memory, and bandwidth of network devices can be monitored. (3) Multiple alarm methods are supported. When an error occurs, you can send an alarm in multiple ways, such as email, SMS, or voice, to facilitate timely detection. (4). Some administrators usually do not pay much attention to the report function, which is incorrect. An excellent report system can convert the messy data in our network into effective management information, which will greatly help us evaluate the network situation (5). easy operation. With a clear understanding of network management, we can now start to build a network management system at work. I will introduce this in the next blog.

 

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